HIV-1 induced bystander apoptosis.
HIV-1 induced bystander apoptosis.
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DOI：
10.3390/v4113020
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发表时间：
2012-11-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Joshi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garg H;Mohl J;Joshi A
未感染的旁观者细胞凋亡是HIV发病机制的一个关键因素，被认为是CD4+ T细胞选择性耗竭导致免疫缺陷的驱动力。虽然有几种病毒蛋白参与了这一过程，但在感染细胞表面表达的Env糖蛋白与表达受体和共受体的旁观者细胞之间的复杂相互作用被认为是一种主要机制。HIV-1利用CD4作为进入细胞的主要受体；然而，正是病毒共受体的使用极大地影响了CD4的下降和艾滋病的进展。这种现象对于X4病毒来说相对简单，X4病毒在疾病的后期出现，被认为是高度融合的，并导致CD4+ T细胞迅速下降。然而，相比之下，R5病毒通常具有更大的传播性，在疾病早期遇到，并且具有比前者更小的致病潜力。在许多情况下，R5病毒在整个疾病中持续存在，并且能够导致CD4+ T细胞严重下降，上述概括变得复杂。本文将讨论影响HIV诱导的旁观者细胞凋亡及其发病机制的多种因素，包括Env糖蛋白表型、病毒嗜性、疾病分期、CD4+ T细胞上的共受体表达、免疫激活和针对病毒包膜的治疗。
Apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells is a key element of HIV pathogenesis and believed to be the driving force behind the selective depletion of CD4+ T cells leading to immunodeficiency. While several viral proteins have been implicated in this process the complex interaction between Env glycoprotein expressed on the surface of infected cells and the receptor and co-receptor expressing bystander cells has been proposed as a major mechanism. HIV-1 utilizes CD4 as the primary receptor for entry into cells; however, it is the viral co-receptor usage that greatly influences CD4 decline and progression to AIDS. This phenomenon is relatively simple for X4 viruses, which arise later during the course of the disease, are considered to be highly fusogenic, and cause a rapid CD4+ T cell decline. However, in contrast, R5 viruses in general have a greater transmissibility, are encountered early during the disease and have a lesser pathogenic potential than the former. The above generalization gets complicated in numerous situations where R5 viruses persist throughout the disease and are capable of causing a rigorous CD4+ T cell decline. This review will discuss the multiple factors that are reported to influence HIV induced bystander apoptosis and pathogenesis including Env glycoprotein phenotype, virus tropism, disease stage, co-receptor expression on CD4+ T cells, immune activation and therapies targeting the viral envelope.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Barretina, J;Blanco, J;Esté, JA
通讯作者：
Esté, JA
DOI：
10.1084/jem.194.8.1097
发表时间：
2001-10-15
期刊：
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Castedo M;Ferri KF;Blanco J;Roumier T;Larochette N;Barretina J;Amendola A;Nardacci R;Métivier D;Este JA;Piacentini M;Kroemer G
通讯作者：
Kroemer G
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Ahr B;Robert-Hebmann V;Devaux C;Biard-Piechaczyk M
通讯作者：
Biard-Piechaczyk M
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Aquaro, Stefano;D'Arrigo, Roberta;Perno, Carlo Federico
通讯作者：
Perno, Carlo Federico
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Biard-Piechaczyk, M;Robert-Hebmann, V;Devaux, C
通讯作者：
Devaux, C