Late Quaternary fluvial dynamics of the Jarama River in central Spain
Late Quaternary fluvial dynamics of the Jarama River in central Spain
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西班牙中部哈拉马河晚第四纪河流动力学
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2013.02.012
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Diaz del Olmo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diaz del Olmo
Jarama河及其流域为研究和重建西班牙中部过去的环境条件提供了宝贵的自然档案。在预测的气候变暖情况下，特别是在干旱期、降雨量变化和发生极端洪水事件方面，这一地区的水文循环极易发生变化。本文介绍了15个曝光，涵盖了过去44 ka的时间跨度，这是在现场记录，其中7个曝光土壤化学分析有关土壤质地，有机质，以及碳酸盐和铁含量。年龄是基于32个样本的放射性碳测年。在河道带内发现了全新世晚期的沉积物，由于弯曲河道的迁移，沉积物发生了永久性的再活动。在更远的洪泛区位置，沉积物序列显示出复杂的河流结构，指的是不同性质和强度的冲积期以及土壤形成所指示的地貌稳定期。此外，沿沿着不同河段的沉积模式也不同。粗砾石的加积发生在40万年和18万年cal BP之间的整个谷底。直到最近，记录了17至16年、107.5年、5.1至3.3年、2.8年、2.1至1.5年、101.0年和0.4 ka cal BP左右的细粒物质沉积。令人惊讶的是，在晚全新世时期，4.2和3.1 ka cal BP之间，粗砾石的加积，即使在远端洪泛区与沉积的细材料在相邻的河流部分指向一个复杂的星座的参数。土壤形成的时期被检测到约43，在31，16和12.6之间，7.5后，直到5.1，2.8和2.1之间，并在1.5 ka cal BP后的时间。在38 ka cal BP和3.0 ka cal BP的持续时间为200年的地貌停滞阶段，是指没有地貌或成壤过程。所有这些模式都是气候变化、构造冲动和人类影响之间相互作用的表现。与其他陆地档案的比较，使我们能够重建晚更新世和全新世的古环境条件在区域范围内，并进一步链接到特定阶段的洪泛区的发展普遍的影响变量。因此，重点放在河流系统的反应，因果关系的模型，集中在快速的气候变化，长期的气候恶化和人类干预的作用。
The Jarama River and its catchment provide a valuable natural archive to study and reconstruct past environmental conditions in central Spain. This region is highly prone to changes in the hydrological cycle under predicted climate warming in particular with respect to aridity periods, rainfall variability and the occurrence of extreme flood events. This paper presents 15 exposures covering a time span of the last 44 ka, which were documented in the field and of which seven exposures were soil-chemical analyzed regarding soil texture, organic matter, as well as carbonate and iron content. Ages are based on radiocarbon dating on 32 samples. Latest Holocene sediments were found within the channel-belt, where permanent remobilization of sediments takes place due to the migration of the meandering river course. In more distal floodplain positions, sediment sequences show a complex fluvial architecture referring to periods of varying character and intensity of alluviation as well as periods of geomorphic stability indicated by soil formation. Furthermore, sedimentation patterns vary along different river sections. Aggradations of coarse gravels took place between ∼40 and 18 ka cal BP over the entire valley floor. Alluviation of fine material was documented between 17 and 16, at ∼7.5, between 5.1 and 3.3, at 2.8, between 2.1 and 1.5, at ∼1.0, and around 0.4 ka cal BP until recent times. Astonishingly in late Holocene times, between 4.2 and 3.1 ka cal BP, aggradations of coarse gravels even in distal floodplain areas overlap with sedimentation of fine material in adjacent river sections pointing to a complex constellation of parameters involved. Periods of soil formation were detected around 43, at 31, between 16 and 12.6, after 7.5 until 5.1, between 2.8 and 2.1 and at times after 1.5 ka cal BP. Phases of geomorphic stagnation were found at 38 ka cal BP and for a duration of 200 years at 3.0 ka cal BP and refer to absent geomorphic or pedogenic processes. All these patterns are an expression of the interaction between climatic variations, tectonic impulses and human influences. A comparison with other terrestrial archives enabled us to reconstruct late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeoenvironmental conditions on a regional scale, and furthermore to link specific stages of floodplain development to prevalent influencing variables. Thus, with emphasis on the fluvial system response, a model of a cause and effect relationship is presented, that concentrates on rapid climate changes, long-lasting climatic deteriorations and the role of human interventions.
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