Role of Automation in the Examination of Handwritten Items
Role of Automation in the Examination of Handwritten Items
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DOI：
10.1016/j.patcog.2013.09.032
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发表时间：
2012-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Srihari;Kirsten Singer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Srihari;Kirsten Singer
多年来，已经开发了几种自动化工具，用于手写物品的法医文件检查（FDE）。将开发的工具整合到一个统一的框架被认为是人类在这个过程中的重要作用进行了讨论。任务框架是通过考虑计算思维的方法来开发的，其组成部分是抽象，算法，数学模型和扩展能力。开始与人类FDE程序表示的算法形式，数学和软件实现的算法的各个步骤进行了说明。该框架的优点进行了讨论，包括效率（能够扩展到任务与许多手写项目），再现性和验证/改进现有的手动程序。它表明，与其他专家系统，如医疗诊断，目前的自动化工具是有用的，只有作为一个更大的手动密集型程序的一部分。本文以一个著名的FDE案件为例，对林德伯格绑架案提出了一个新的假设--在这种情况下，有多个被质疑的文件，同一文件的多个作者的可能性，确定写作是否被伪装，已知的写作是正式的，而被质疑的写作是非正式的，等等。其中人类检验者提供笔迹特征，而计算方法提供必要的统计分析。
Several automation tools have been developed over the years for forensic document examination (FDE) of handwritten items. Integrating the developed tools into a unified framework is considered and the essential role of the human in the process is discussed. The task framework is developed by considering the approach of computational thinking whose components are abstraction, algorithms, mathematical models and ability to scale. Beginning with the human FDE procedure expressed in algorithmic form, mathematical and software implementations of individual steps of the algorithm are described. Advantages of the framework are discussed, including efficiency (ability to scale to tasks with many handwritten items), reproducibility and validation/improvement of existing manual procedures. It is indicated that as with other expert systems, such as for medical diagnosis, current automation tools are useful only as part of a larger manually intensive procedure. This viewpoint is illustrated with a well-known FDE case, concerning the Lindbergh kidnapping with a new hypothesis – in this case, there are multiple questioned documents, possibility of multiple writers of the same document, determining whether the writing is disguised, known writing is formal while questioned writing is informal, etc. Observations are made for future developments, where human examiners provide handwriting characteristics while computational methods provide the necessary statistical analysis.