SUBNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF KILLING IN RWANDA
SUBNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF KILLING IN RWANDA
复制标题
卢旺达杀戮的地方决定因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. N. Brehm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. N. Brehm
1994年卢旺达大屠杀造成近100万人死亡。虽然学者们已经从理论上解释了这种暴力行为发生的原因，但我们对它是如何展开的了解相对较少。因此，本文评估的决定因素，在142个卢旺达社区的地方行政和社区发展部，卢旺达国立大学，和1991年卢旺达人口普查的数据。固定效应分析显示，自上而下和自下而上的因素联合起来影响卢旺达各地的暴力。国家策划和实施了暴力，在该国极端主义中心附近以及国家行为者遭到强烈反对的地方发生了更多的暴力事件。然而，当地条件也影响了暴力行为，社区凝聚力和社会控制力低的指标与暴力行为相对较多有关。当放在一起，一个独特的模式，引入整合国家冲突理论和犯罪的社会控制理论来解释在卢旺达种族灭绝的次国家杀害。
Nearly one million people were killed in the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Although scholars have theorized why this violence occurred, we know comparatively less about how it unfolded. Accordingly, this article assesses the determinants of subnational levels of killing in 142 Rwandan communes by relying on data from the Rwandan Ministry of Local Administration and Community Development, the National University of Rwanda, and the 1991 Rwandan census. Fixed effects analyses reveal that top-down and bottom-up factors coalesced to influence violence across Rwanda. The state orchestrated and implemented the violence, and more violence occurred near the extremist center of the country as well as where state actors met strong opposition. Local conditions also shaped the violence, however, and indicators of low community cohesion and social control are associated with comparatively more violence. When put together, a unique model is introduced that integrates state conflict theories and social control theories of crime to explain subnational killing during the genocide in Rwanda.