A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem in the Southern Mariana Forearc
A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem in the Southern Mariana Forearc
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1112005109
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发表时间：
2012-02-21
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kino, Masashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohara, Yasuhiko;Reagan, Mark K.;Kino, Masashi
在不同的构造环境中，有几种海底热液喷口，其流体成分、温度和喷口群落差异很大。大西洋中脊迷城热液区的发现激发了人们对橄榄岩蛇纹化作用的兴趣，橄榄岩蛇纹化作用产生了富含H-2和CH 4的流体和相关的碳酸盐烟囱，以及高度还原的碱性环境中的生物群落。2010年9月，DSV Shinkai 6500潜水发现了与马里亚纳群岛南部前弧蛇纹岩热液喷口系统相关的丰富的囊蛤群落。我们将这个系统命名为“新海渗流场（SSF）”。“SSF似乎是一个蛇纹岩托管的生态系统内的弧前（收敛边缘）设置，是由断层控制的流体通道连接到俯冲板的滑脱支持。SSF的发现支持了蛇纹岩喷口可能在海底广泛分布的预测。这一发现进一步表明，这些蛇纹岩所在的低温流体喷口可以维持高生物量群落，并对海洋的化学收支和深海化学合成生命的分布产生影响。
Several varieties of seafloor hydrothermal vents with widely varying fluid compositions and temperatures and vent communities occur in different tectonic settings. The discovery of the Lost City hydrothermal field in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge has stimulated interest in the role of serpentinization of peridotite in generating H-2- and CH4-rich fluids and associated carbonate chimneys, as well as in the biological communities supported in highly reduced, alkaline environments. Abundant vesicomyid clam communities associated with a serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal vent system in the southern Mariana forearc were discovered during a DSV Shinkai 6500 dive in September 2010. We named this system the "Shinkai Seep Field (SSF)." The SSF appears to be a serpentinite-hosted ecosystem within a forearc (convergent margin) setting that is supported by fault-controlled fluid pathways connected to the decollement of the subducting slab. The discovery of the SSF supports the prediction that serpentinite-hosted vents may be widespread on the ocean floor. The discovery further indicates that these serpentinite-hosted low-temperature fluid vents can sustain high-biomass communities and has implications for the chemical budget of the oceans and the distribution of abyssal chemosynthetic life.