Synaptic plasticity, neural circuits, and the emerging role of altered short-term information processing in schizophrenia.
Synaptic plasticity, neural circuits, and the emerging role of altered short-term information processing in schizophrenia.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsyn.2014.00028
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gogos JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crabtree GW;Gogos JA
突触可塑性改变了突触前和突触后神经元之间的信息流强度，从而改变了突触前神经元的动作电位导致突触后神经元的动作电位的可能性。因此，突触可塑性和突触可塑性的病理变化影响突触计算，突触计算控制着神经微回路中的信息流，而神经微回路负责驱动适应行为所必需的复杂信息处理。当前的神经精神疾病理论表明，不同的神经回路功能障碍可能是这些疾病独特症状的关键基础，突触可塑性机制的病理改变可能是疾病过程的基础。在这里，我们考虑突触传递的短期和长期可塑性的机制，以及它们在健康和疾病中神经微回路信息处理中的可能作用。作为具有强烈关联风险基因的神经精神疾病的范例，我们讨论了在精神分裂症和自闭症中的发现，并考虑了在这些疾病的人类研究和遗传小鼠模型中观察到的突触可塑性和网络功能的改变。总之，这些研究已经开始指出短期突触可塑性改变在精神分裂症中可能起主导作用，而自闭症谱系障碍（asd）的功能障碍可能是由于短期和长期突触可塑性改变的结合。
Synaptic plasticity alters the strength of information flow between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons and thus modifies the likelihood that action potentials in a presynaptic neuron will lead to an action potential in a postsynaptic neuron. As such, synaptic plasticity and pathological changes in synaptic plasticity impact the synaptic computation which controls the information flow through the neural microcircuits responsible for the complex information processing necessary to drive adaptive behaviors. As current theories of neuropsychiatric disease suggest that distinct dysfunctions in neural circuit performance may critically underlie the unique symptoms of these diseases, pathological alterations in synaptic plasticity mechanisms may be fundamental to the disease process. Here we consider mechanisms of both short-term and long-term plasticity of synaptic transmission and their possible roles in information processing by neural microcircuits in both health and disease. As paradigms of neuropsychiatric diseases with strongly implicated risk genes, we discuss the findings in schizophrenia and autism and consider the alterations in synaptic plasticity and network function observed in both human studies and genetic mouse models of these diseases. Together these studies have begun to point toward a likely dominant role of short-term synaptic plasticity alterations in schizophrenia while dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may be due to a combination of both short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity alterations.