The acute effects of nicotine on positive and negative affect in adolescent smokers
The acute effects of nicotine on positive and negative affect in adolescent smokers
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DOI：
10.1037/0021-843x.116.3.543
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Veilleux, Jennifer C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kassel, Jon D.;Evatt, Daniel P.;Veilleux, Jennifer C.
尽管青少年吸烟仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题，但人们对这一弱势群体吸烟的强化机制知之甚少。为了评估从吸毒的积极和消极强化模型得出的预测，作者测量了通过香烟摄入的尼古丁对一组 15 至 18 岁吸烟者的积极和消极影响的急性影响。一组匹配的非吸烟者作为对照组。研究结果显示，虽然吸烟的青少年的积极和消极情绪均有所减少，但观察到的消极情绪的减少受到香烟中尼古丁含量（高尼古丁含量与脱尼古丁含量）、尼古丁依赖程度、基线渴望水平以及与消极情绪调节相关的吸烟预期的调节。在 10 分钟的评估期内，非吸烟者的情绪没有发生变化，也没有观察到积极情绪的交互作用。总体而言，这些发现符合尼古丁效应的负强化模型，并强烈表明，即使在年轻的轻度吸烟者中，尼古丁依赖和由此产生的戒断症状也可能成为控制吸烟行为的激励因素。
Although adolescent cigarette smoking remains a critical public health concern, little is known about the reinforcing mechanisms governing smoking in this vulnerable population. To assess predictions derived from both positive and negative reinforcement models of drug use, the authors measured the acute effects of nicotine, as administered via tobacco cigarettes, on both positive and negative affect in a group of 15-to 18-year-old smokers. A matched group of nonsmokers served as a comparison group. Findings revealed that whereas adolescents who smoked a cigarette experienced reductions in both positive and negative affect, the observed reductions in negative affect were moderated by nicotine content of the cigarette (high yield vs. denicotinized), level of nicotine dependence, level of baseline craving, and smoking expectancies pertinent to negative affect regulation. Nonsmokers experienced no change in affect over the 10-min assessment period, and no interaction effects were observed for positive affect. Overall, the findings conform to a negative reinforcement model of nicotine effects and strongly suggest that, even among young light smokers, nicotine dependence and resultant withdrawal symptornatology may serve as motivating factors governing smoking behavior.