Structure Basis for Directional R-loop Formation and Substrate Handover Mechanisms in Type I CRISPR-Cas System.

Structure Basis for Directional R-loop Formation and Substrate Handover Mechanisms in Type I CRISPR-Cas System.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.012
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发表时间:
2017-06-29
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Ke A
Ke A
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiao Y;Luo M;Hayes RP;Kim J;Ng S;Ding F;Liao M;Ke A

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I 型 CRISPR 系统分别通过 crRNA 显示级联和核酸酶-解旋酶融合酶 Cas3 进行连续的 dsDNA 靶标搜索和降解过程。在这里,我们展示了 Thermobifida fusca I-E 型级联的两个冷冻电镜快照:1) 在种子序列区域解开 11-bp dsDNA 以寻找序列互补性,2) 进一步解开整个原型间隔子以形成完整的 R 环。这些结构提供了急需的时间和空间分辨率,以解决导致 Cas3 招募的关键机制步骤。在早期步骤中,PAM 识别会导致 DNA 严重弯曲,导致 DNA 自发解旋形成种子气泡。完整的 R 环形成会触发 Cascade 中的构象变化,从而授权 Cas3 进行结合。相同的过程还会在非目标 DNA 链中产生凸起,使其能够移交给 Cas3 进行切割。阴性和阳性检查点的组合确保了 I 型 CRISPR-Cas 系统中严格而有效的靶标降解。
Type I CRISPR systems feature a sequential dsDNA target searching and degradation process, by crRNA-displaying Cascade and nuclease-helicase fusion enzyme Cas3, respectively. Here we present two cryo-EM snapshots of the Thermobifida fusca Type I-E Cascade: 1) unwinding 11-bp of dsDNA at the seed-sequence region to scout for sequence complementarity, and 2) further unwinding of the entire protospacer to form a full R-loop. These structures provide the much-needed temporal and spatial resolution to resolve key mechanistic steps leading to Cas3 recruitment. In the early steps, PAM recognition causes severe DNA bending, leading to spontaneous DNA unwinding to form a seed-bubble. The full R-loop formation triggers conformational changes in Cascade, licensing Cas3 to bind. The same process also generates a bulge in the non-target DNA strand, enabling its handover to Cas3 for cleavage. The combination of both negative and positive checkpoints ensures stringent yet efficient target degradation in Type I CRISPR-Cas systems.
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