Geographical covariation and local convergence of flower depth in a guild of fly-pollinated plants
Geographical covariation and local convergence of flower depth in a guild of fly-pollinated plants
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02764.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Johnson, Steven D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Bruce;Johnson, Steven D.
植物对传粉者的适应通常在物种水平上进行研究，但预计将发生在当地人口水平上，并反映在花的变化的精细尺度模式。20种南非植物由长鼻蝇Prosoeca ganglbaueri（Nemestrinidae）授粉，在局部尺度上表现出地理协变和趋同进化的精细尺度模式。植物适应的结果在花的深度植物的公会内密切匹配的喙的长度在许多网站的飞授粉。这就导致了异地种群之间的分化模式和同一地点内物种之间的趋同模式。驱动这些模式的最可能的进化过程包括苍蝇和植物之间的共同进化，以及稀有和非奖励物种的片面进化，这些物种不会影响共同进化过程。通过相互易位实验，证实了传粉者介导的选择对短距长度的一个非回报的兰花物种在行业协会。因此，行业协会中的稀有和非奖励物种被迫与普通奖励花和苍蝇之间的共同进化竞赛保持同步。
Plant adaptations to pollinators are usually studied at the species level, but are expected to occur at the local population level and be reflected in fine-scale patterns of floral variation.Here, we examined whether a guild of c. 20 South African plant species pollinated by the long proboscid fly Prosoeca ganglbaueri (Nemestrinidae) exhibits fine- scale patterns of geographical covariation and convergent evolution at a local scale.Fly proboscis length is highly variable among sites (20-50 mm). Plant adaptation results in floral depths of plants within the guild being closely matched with the proboscis length of their fly pollinator across numerous sites. This results in patterns of divergence among allopatric populations and convergence among species within a site.The most likely evolutionary processes driving these patterns include coevolution between the fly and plants with consistent and abundant rewards, as well as onesided evolution in rare and nonrewarding species that do not influence the coevolutionary process. Pollinator-mediated selection on spur length was confirmed for a nonrewarding orchid species in the guild by a reciprocal translocation experiment. Thus, rarer and nonrewarding species in the guild are forced to keep pace with the coevolutionary race between common rewarding flowers and flies.