Disarming Racial Microaggressions: Microintervention Strategies for Targets, White Allies, and Bystanders
Disarming Racial Microaggressions: Microintervention Strategies for Targets, White Allies, and Bystanders
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/amp0000296
复制
发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Mendez, Narolyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sue, Derald Wing;Alsaidi, Sarah;Mendez, Narolyn
鉴于偏见和歧视对有色人种个人和群体造成的巨大伤害，我们的国家必须开始破坏、拆除和解除微观和宏观侵略的持续冲击。长期以来，接受、沉默、被动和不作为一直是应对微侵犯的主要策略，尽管这些策略是无效的。不作为只会支持和扩散在个人、机构和社会层面发生的有偏见的犯罪者行为。本文介绍了为解决微侵犯而开发的一种新的战略框架，该框架超越了应对和生存，转向目标、盟友和旁观者可以执行的具体行动步骤和对话（微干预）。对种族主义行为反应的回顾表明，微侵略反应/干预可能主要是(A)保持被动、退缩或放弃；(b)反击或伤害侵略者；(c)停止、减少、转移或终止有害行为；(d)教育犯罪者；(e)验证和支持目标；(f)作为盟国；(g)寻求社会支持；(h)争取外部权威或机构干预；或(h)实现这些目标的任何组合。我们将这些反应组织成四个主要的微干预战略目标：(a)使不可见变为可见，(b)解除微侵略，(c)教育犯罪者，(d)寻求外部强化或支持。讨论了每个目标的目标和基本原理，以及要采用的具体微干预策略和如何执行这些策略的示例。
Given the immense harm inflicted on individuals and groups of color via prejudice and discrimination, it becomes imperative for our nation to begin the process of disrupting, dismantling, and disarming the constant onslaught of micro- and macroaggressions. For too long, acceptance, silence, passivity, and inaction have been the predominant, albeit ineffective, strategies for coping with microaggressions. Inaction does nothing but support and proliferate biased perpetrator behaviors which occur at individual, institutional and societal levels. This article introduces a new strategic framework developed for addressing microaggressions that moves beyond coping and survival to concrete action steps and dialogues that targets, allies, and bystanders can perform (microinterventions). A review of responses to racist acts, suggest that microaggression reactions/interventions may be primarily to (a) remain passive, retreat, or give up; (b) strike back or hurt the aggressor; (c) stop, diminish, deflect, or put an end to the harmful act; (d) educate the perpetrator; (e) validate and support the targets; (f) act as an ally; (g) seek social support; (h) enlist outside authority or institutional intervention; or (h) achieve any combination of these objectives. We organize these responses into four major strategic goals of microinterventions: (a) make the invisible visible, (b) disarm the microaggression, (c) educate the perpetrator, and (d) seek external reinforcement or support. The objectives and rationale for each goal are discussed, along with specific microintervention tactics to employ and examples of how they are executed.