AIRBORNE DUST, AMMONIA, MICROORGANISMS, AND ANTIGENS IN PIG CONFINEMENT HOUSES AND THE RESPIRATORY HEALTH OF EXPOSED FARM-WORKERS
AIRBORNE DUST, AMMONIA, MICROORGANISMS, AND ANTIGENS IN PIG CONFINEMENT HOUSES AND THE RESPIRATORY HEALTH OF EXPOSED FARM-WORKERS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/15298669191364721
复制
发表时间：
1991-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
TOPPING, MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CROOK, B;ROBERTSON, JF;TOPPING, MD
本研究调查了养猪场的环境条件和养猪户的呼吸健康状况及其对空气污染物的免疫反应。测定了20个猪舍空气中粉尘和氨的浓度；活微生物，内毒素和空气过敏原被测量在这些房屋的6，选择代表在工业范围。29名在农场工作的农民完成了问卷调查并进行了肺功能测试；其中24例提供了血液样本，用于检测猪鳞片和尿液提取物、饲料成分和细菌分离物的特异性IgE和IgG抗体。猪舍内空气中粉尘和氨的平均浓度分别为1.66 ~ 21.04 mg/m3和1.50 ~ 13.23 ppm。影响这些浓度的因素包括一年中的时间、使用的饲料系统和通风水平。空气粉尘与氨浓度之间没有直接关系。空气微生物的范围从10(5)到超过10(7)个菌落形成单位(efu)/m3；大多数是细菌，只有少数真菌或嗜热放线菌被分离出来。革兰氏阳性细菌属（葡萄球菌）。微球菌和芽孢杆菌)占主导地位。空气粉尘中内毒素含量较低。29名工人中有23名报告了与工作有关的呼吸症状，典型的是胸闷/喘息以及鼻和眼睛刺激。三名农民对猪鳞或尿液有特异性IgE，八名农民对饲料成分有特异性IgE，但对微生物提取物没有特异性IgE。在14名工人和9名工人身上分别检测到对猪皮或尿液和饲料成分的特异性IgG。特异性IgE反应主要发生在胸闷或喘息的受试者中，尽管特异性IgG反应与症状无关。该研究说明了商业猪舍环境条件的范围，以及工人暴露于高浓度粉尘（主要是有机来源）和细菌的可能性。大多数工人有与工作有关的上呼吸道症状，主要是鼻腔刺激；然而，在一些患有喘息的工人中存在特异性IgE，这表明他们可能有过敏反应。这突出表明需要限制与养猪有关的空气中粉尘的暴露，在某些情况下，只需改变工作实践，如饲料输送或通风方法，就可以实现这一点。
This study investigated the environmental conditions on pig farms and the respiratory health of pig farmers and their immunological response to airborne contaminants. Airborne concentrations of dust and ammonia were measured in 20 pig houses; viable microorganisms, endotoxins, and aeroallergens were measured in 6 of these houses, chosen to represent the range in dustiness. The 29 farmers employed on the farms completed a questionnaire and underwent lung function tests; 24 of them provided blood samples for the measurement of specific IgE and IgG antibody to extracts of pig squames and urine, feed components, and bacterial isolates. Mean airborne dust and ammonia concentrations in the pig houses ranged from 1.66 to 21.04 mg/m3 and from 1.50 to 13.23 ppm, respectively. Factors affecting these concentrations include time of year, feed systems used, and levels of ventilation. There was no direct relationship between airborne dust and ammonia concentrations. Airborne microorganisms ranged from 10(5) to more than 10(7) colony-forming units (efu)/m3; most were bacteria, with few fungi or thermophilic actinomycetes isolated. Gram-positive bacterial genera (Staphylococcus. Micrococcus, and Bacillus spp.) predominated. Concentrations of endotoxin in collected airborne dust were low. Work-related respiratory symptoms, typically chest tightness/wheeze and nasal and eye irritation, were reported by 23 of the 29 workers. Three farmers had specific IgE to pig squames or urine and eight to feed components but none to the microbial extracts. Specific IgG to pig squames or urine and to feed components was demonstrated in 14 and 9 workers, respectively. Specific IgE responses occurred mainly in subjects with chest tightness or wheeze, although specific IgG responses were not related to symptoms. The study illustrated the range of environmental conditions in commercial pig houses and the potential for workers to be exposed to large concentrations of dust, mostly organic in origin, and bacteria. The majority of workers had work-related upper respiratory tract symptoms, mainly nasal irritation; however, the presence of specific IgE in some workers with wheeze suggested the possibility of them having an allergic response. This highlights the need to limit exposure to airborne dusts associated with pig farming, and this in some cases may be achieved simply by changing work practices such as the methods of feed delivery or ventilation.