An Online Monitoring Technique for Long-Term Operation Using Guided Waves Propagating in Steel Pipe
An Online Monitoring Technique for Long-Term Operation Using Guided Waves Propagating in Steel Pipe
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DOI：
10.1115/1.4037204
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Raugi, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bertoncini, Francesco;Cappelli, Mauro;Raugi, Marco
无损检测（NDT）技术作为一种可靠的预防故障的方法，被广泛应用于关键基础设施和复杂工业装置（如核电站）的维护设计和运行中。在无损检测技术中，导波技术是一种非常有前途的无损检测技术。GWs是一种结构传播的超声波，它沿着结构的几何边界进行传播和引导。使用GWs的测试能够通过使用低频波（从5到250 kHz）的远程筛选找到缺陷位置。该技术经常用于石油和天然气行业的管道测试。在核工业，监管机构正在努力使监测和检查程序标准化。要在核电站内使用这项技术，操作人员必须解决高温（轻水反应堆主管道内温度高达300摄氏度以上）、主回路部件壁厚高以及典型缺陷类型等问题。磁致伸缩传感器由于其物理特性，即坚固的结构和简单性，有望克服这些问题。最近的实验结果表明，磁致伸缩换能器可以承受接近300摄氏度的温度。在本文中，GW技术将在核电站的背景下进行介绍。将描述使用这种方法对具有复杂结构的钢管进行的一些实验测试，并将讨论与高温导波应用有关的未决问题（例如，在变温度分量中传播时的波速或振幅波动）。
Nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques are widely used as a reliable way for preventing failures and helping in the maintenance design and operation of critical infrastructures and complex industrial plants as nuclear power plants (NPPs). Among the NDT techniques, guided waves (GWs) are a very promising technology for such applications. GWs are structure-borne ultrasonic waves propagating along the structure confined and guided by its geometric boundaries. Testing using GWs is able to find defect locations through long-range screening using low-frequency waves (from 5 to 250 kHz). The technology is regularly used for pipe testing in the oil and gas industry. In the nuclear industry, regulators are working to standardize monitoring and inspection procedures. To use the technology inside an active plant, operators must solve issues like high temperatures (up to more than 300 degrees C inside a light-water reactor's primary piping), high wall thickness of components in the primary circuit, and characteristic defect typologies. Magnetostrictive sensors are expected to overcome such issues due to their physical properties, namely, robust constitution and simplicity. Recent experimental results have demonstrated that magnetostrictive transducers can withstand temperatures close to 300 degrees C. In this paper, the GW technology will be introduced in the context of NPPs. Some experimental tests conducted using such a methodology for steel pipe having a complex structure will be described, and open issues related to high-temperature guided wave applications (e.g., wave velocity or amplitude fluctuations during propagation in variable temperature components) will be discussed.