Temporal coexistence mechanisms contribute to the latitudinal gradient in forest diversity
Temporal coexistence mechanisms contribute to the latitudinal gradient in forest diversity
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DOI：
10.1038/nature24038
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Jacob Usinowicz;Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang;Yu‐Yun Chen;J. Clark;C. Fletcher;N. Garwood;Zhanqing Hao;J. Johnstone;YiChing Lin;M. Metz;T. Masaki;T. Nakashizuka;I. Sun;R. Valencia;Yunyun Wang;J. Zimmerman;A. Ives;Joseph S. Wright
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作者：
Jacob Usinowicz;Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang;Yu‐Yun Chen;J. Clark;C. Fletcher;N. Garwood;Zhanqing Hao;J. Johnstone;YiChing Lin;M. Metz;T. Masaki;T. Nakashizuka;I. Sun;R. Valencia;Yunyun Wang;J. Zimmerman;A. Ives;Joseph S. Wright
婆罗洲和亚马逊河流域的热带森林每半平方公里内的树种多样性可能比欧洲、北美和亚洲所有温带森林的总和还要多。生物学家长期以来一直对这种差异感兴趣，并利用它来研究生物多样性的潜在驱动因素。许多这些驱动因素的垂直变化预计将在生态和进化过程中产生地理差异，越来越多的证据表明，热带生态系统具有更高的多样化，分支起源和分支扩散率。然而，目前还没有证据表明，在地方一级，社区内生态过程的梯度与生物多样性的地理梯度直接相关。在这里，我们展示了存储效应的地理变化，这是一种生态机制，在热带地区比在温带和寒带地区更强烈地降低了竞争排斥的潜力，降低了种间种内竞争的比率，每个纬度度的生态系统位于更接近赤道。此外，我们发现的证据表明，纬度变化的气候支持这些差异;在热带地区较长的生长季节减少繁殖的季节性时间的限制，允许较低的招聘物种之间的同步，从而提高生态位分区通过存储效果。我们的研究结果表明，存储效果的强度，因此其对社区内的多样性的影响，与气候相关的纬度变化。这一发现突出了生物相互作用在形成地理多样性格局的重要性，并强调需要了解的机制，支持生态过程中更详细的比以前所认识的。
The tropical forests of Borneo and Amazonia may each contain more tree species diversity in half a square kilometre than do all the temperate forests of Europe, North America, and Asia combined. Biologists have long been fascinated by this disparity, using it to investigate potential drivers of biodiversity. Latitudinal variation in many of these drivers is expected to create geographic differences in ecological,,and evolutionary processes,, and evidence increasingly shows that tropical ecosystems have higher rates of diversification, clade origination, and clade dispersal,. However, there is currently no evidence to link gradients in ecological processes within communities at a local scale directly to the geographic gradient in biodiversity. Here, we show geographic variation in the storage effect, an ecological mechanism that reduces the potential for competitive exclusion more strongly in the tropics than it does in temperate and boreal zones, decreasing the ratio of interspecific-to-intraspecific competition by 0.25% for each degree of latitude that an ecosystem is located closer to the Equator. Additionally, we find evidence that latitudinal variation in climate underpins these differences; longer growing seasons in the tropics reduce constraints on the seasonal timing of reproduction, permitting lower recruitment synchrony between species and thereby enhancing niche partitioning through the storage effect. Our results demonstrate that the strength of the storage effect, and therefore its impact on diversity within communities, varies latitudinally in association with climate. This finding highlights the importance of biotic interactions in shaping geographic diversity patterns, and emphasizes the need to understand the mechanisms underpinning ecological processes in greater detail than has previously been appreciated.