From residence to movement: The nature of racial segregation in everyday urban mobility
From residence to movement: The nature of racial segregation in everyday urban mobility
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0042098020978965
复制
发表时间：
2021-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Small, Mario
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Candipan, Jennifer;Phillips, Nolan Edward;Small, Mario
尽管对城市种族隔离的研究在过去几十年中迅速发展，但其基础仍然是对人们居住的社区的分析。然而，种族群体之间的接触不仅取决于人们居住的地方，还取决于他们在日常活动中旅行的地方。为了捕捉这一现实，我们提出了一种新的种族隔离衡量标准——隔离流动指数（SMI）——该指数衡量了特定种族构成的社区与其他类型社区以同等程度相连的程度。根据美国 50 个最大城市超过 375,000 名 Twitter 用户发送的数亿条带有地理标记的推文，我们发现 SMI 捕捉到了种族隔离的一个独特因素，该因素与居住隔离有关，但不仅仅是居住隔离的一个函数。城市的种族构成也很重要。少数群体的威胁，尤其是在黑人人口众多且种族冲突遗留问题严重的城市，似乎抑制了社区之间的流动，从而产生了以前未记录的种族隔离形式。我们的指数可以使用其他数据源构建，扩大了研究种族隔离动态形式的可能性，包括其影响和随时间的变化。
While research on racial segregation in cities has grown rapidly over the last several decades, its foundation remains the analysis of the neighbourhoods where people reside. However, contact between racial groups depends not merely on where people live, but also on where they travel over the course of everyday activities. To capture this reality, we propose a new measure of racial segregation - the segregated mobility index (SMI) - that captures the extent to which neighbourhoods of given racial compositions are connected to other types of neighbourhoods in equal measure. Based on hundreds of millions of geotagged tweets sent by over 375,000 Twitter users in the 50 largest US cities, we show that the SMI captures a distinct element of racial segregation, one that is related to, but not solely a function of, residential segregation. A city's racial composition also matters; minority group threat, especially in cities with large Black populations and a troubled legacy of racial conflict, appears to depress movement across neighbourhoods in ways that produce previously undocumented forms of racial segregation. Our index, which could be constructed using other data sources, expands the possibilities for studying dynamic forms of racial segregation including their effects and shifts over time.