Rockefeller Refuge Gulf Shoreline Protection Demonstration
Rockefeller Refuge Gulf Shoreline Protection Demonstration
复制标题
洛克菲勒保护区海湾海岸线保护示范
DOI：
10.1061/41190(422)55
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
R. Mcpherson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brett L. Geesey;D. Heilman;R. Mcpherson
目前，路易斯安那州沿海每年有 25 至 35 平方英里的湿地消失。卡梅伦教区洛克菲勒野生动物保护区沿线的海岸线正在经历一些最高的损失率，估计长期海岸线退缩范围为每年 30 至 40 英尺（Byrnes 等，1995）。为了应对洛克菲勒保护区湿地的直接损失，路易斯安那州海岸保护和恢复办公室 (OCPR) 与国家海洋渔业局 (NMFS) 和路易斯安那州野生动物和渔业部 (LDWF) 合作实施洛克菲勒保护区海湾海岸线稳定项目。该项目的目的是阻止约瑟夫港河口保护区以西 9.2 英里的区域遭受侵蚀。由于极软土壤带来的挑战、在飓风条件下保护沼泽海岸线的要求以及有限的建设预算，一个采用三种替代设计的较小示范项目被提议并于 2009 年秋冬建造。建造的替代方案包括：砾石海滩填充、轻骨料核心防波堤和低顶“礁石”防波堤。施工结束后，实施了一项监测计划，以评估三种替代方案对抗海岸线侵蚀的能力。监测计划旨在收集一套全面的数据，以记录施工后一年内替代方案的绩效。项目现场安装了气象海洋数据站，用于收集为期 6 个月的波浪、风和潮汐数据。同时测量近海和防波堤背风处的波浪，以评估波浪传播。此外，大约每四个月对项目区域进行一次调查，以记录结构几何形状、海岸线和近岸剖面变化以及结构沉降。后者是通过测量施工期间安装的沉降板来进行的。此外，还对项目所在地附近的一个单独控制区进行了调查，以评估没有海岸线保护的海岸线撤退情况。每次调查期间都会获得航空摄影，以直观地记录调查期间的情况。
Currently, 25 to 35 square miles of wetlands are lost each year along coastal Louisiana. The shoreline along the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in Cameron Parish is experiencing some of the highest rates of loss, with estimates of long-term shoreline retreat ranging from 30 to 40 ft/year (Byrnes et al. 1995). To combat the direct loss of wetlands at Rockefeller Refuge, the Louisiana Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration (OCPR) teamed with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) to implement the Rockefeller Refuge Gulf Shoreline Stabilization Project. The project intent is to halt erosion along the 9.2 mile portion of the Refuge west of Joseph Harbor Bayou. Due to the challenges presented by extremely soft soils, requirement to protect the marsh shoreline for up to hurricane conditions, and limited construction budget, a smaller demonstration project utilizing three alternative designs was proposed and constructed in Fall/Winter of 2009. The alternatives constructed include: gravel beach fill, light-weight aggregate core breakwater, and a low crested “reef” breakwater. Following construction, a monitoring plan was implemented to assess the ability of the three alternatives to combat erosion along the shoreline. The monitoring plan was designed to collect a comprehensive set of data to document the performance of the alternatives for one year following construction. A metocean data station was installed at the project site to collect wave, wind, and tide data for 6 months. Concurrent measurements of waves offshore and leeward of the breakwaters were conducted to assess wave transmission. In addition, the project area was surveyed approximately every four months to document the structure geometry, shoreline and nearshore profile changes, and structure settlement. The later was performed by surveying settlement plates that were installed during construction. In addition, a separate control area near the project location was surveyed to assess shoreline retreat with no shoreline protection. Aerial photography was obtained during each survey to visually document the conditions during the surveys.