Maternal exposure to ambient black carbon particles and their presence in maternal and fetal circulation and organs: an analysis of two independent population-based observational studies.
Maternal exposure to ambient black carbon particles and their presence in maternal and fetal circulation and organs: an analysis of two independent population-based observational studies.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00200-5
复制
发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nawrot TS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bongaerts E;Lecante LL;Bové H;Roeffaers MBJ;Ameloot M;Fowler PA;Nawrot TS
孕妇在怀孕期间暴露于颗粒空气污染与多种不良出生结果有关，导致儿童日后的疾病负担。到目前为止，有一个缺乏的数据，是否环境颗粒可以达到和通过人类胎盘施加直接影响胎儿器官系统在怀孕期间。在这项分析中，我们使用了在两项独立研究的框架内收集的母体-围产期和胎儿样本：环境（环境对生命早期老龄化的影响）在比利时亨克东林堡医院和SAFeR分娩的母亲的出生队列（苏格兰高级胎儿研究）队列终止，英国阿伯丁和格兰扁地区16岁及以上妇女正常妊娠进展。从环境研究中，我们纳入了60对随机选择的母婴对，排除了所有报告吸烟的母亲。在SAFeR研究中，我们纳入了36名胎龄7-20周的胎儿，其可替宁浓度表明不吸烟状态。我们使用飞秒脉冲照明下产生的白色光来检测在母胎界面收集的样品中的黑色碳颗粒。我们对所有样品进行了适当的验证实验，以确认所识别颗粒的碳质性质。我们在脐带血中发现了黑碳颗粒存在的证据，证实了这些颗粒能够穿过胎盘进入胎儿循环系统。我们还发现了强相关性（r ≥0·50; p<0·0001）之间的母体-围产期颗粒负荷（母体血液[n=60]，足月胎盘[n=60]，和脐带血[n=60]）和居住环境中的黑碳暴露在怀孕期间。此外，我们在一项独立研究中发现，选择性终止妊娠和正常妊娠的孕早期和孕中期组织（胎肝[n = 36]、肺[n=36]和脑[n=14]）中存在黑炭颗粒。我们发现母亲吸入的含碳空气污染颗粒物可以穿过胎盘，然后在妊娠期间转移到人类胎儿器官。这些发现特别令人担忧，因为这个暴露窗口是器官发育的关键。需要进一步的研究来阐明颗粒移位的机制。欧洲研究理事会、佛兰德科学研究基金会、Kom op Tegen Kanker、英国医学研究理事会和欧盟地平线2020。
Maternal exposure to particulate air pollution during pregnancy has been linked to multiple adverse birth outcomes causing burden of disease later in the child's life. To date, there is a paucity of data on whether or not ambient particles can both reach and cross the human placenta to exert direct effects on fetal organ systems during gestation. In this analysis, we used maternal-perinatal and fetal samples collected within the framework of two independent studies: the ENVIRONAGE (Environmental Influences on Ageing in Early Life) birth cohort of mothers giving birth at the East-Limburg Hospital in Genk, Belgium, and the SAFeR (Scottish Advanced Fetal Research) cohort of terminated, normally progressing pregnancies among women aged 16 years and older in Aberdeen and the Grampian region, UK. From the ENVIRONAGE study, we included 60 randomly selected mother-neonate pairs, excluding all mothers who reported that they ever smoked. From the SAFeR study, we included 36 fetuses of gestational age 7–20 weeks with cotinine concentrations indicative of non-smoking status. We used white light generation under femtosecond pulsed illumination to detect black carbon particles in samples collected at the maternal-fetal interface. We did appropriate validation experiments of all samples to confirm the carbonaceous nature of the identified particles. We found evidence of the presence of black carbon particles in cord blood, confirming the ability of these particles to cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation system. We also found a strong correlation (r ≥0·50; p<0·0001) between the maternal-perinatal particle load (in maternal blood [n=60], term placenta [n=60], and cord blood [n=60]) and residential ambient black carbon exposure during pregnancy. Additionally, we found the presence of black carbon particles in first and second trimester tissues (fetal liver [n=36], lung [n=36], and brain [n=14]) of electively terminated and normally progressing pregnancies from an independent study. We found that maternally inhaled carbonaceous air pollution particles can cross the placenta and then translocate into human fetal organs during gestation. These findings are especially concerning because this window of exposure is key to organ development. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of particle translocation. European Research Council, Flemish Scientific Research Foundation, Kom op Tegen Kanker, UK Medical Research Council, and EU Horizon 2020.