Structure, biomass distribution, and energetics of the pelagic ecosystem in the Barents Sea: A synopsis
Structure, biomass distribution, and energetics of the pelagic ecosystem in the Barents Sea: A synopsis
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巴伦支海中上层生态系统的结构、生物量分布和能量学：概要
DOI：
10.1007/bf00240261
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Fritjof Mehlum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Sakshaug;A. Bjørge;B. Gulliksen;H. Loeng;Fritjof Mehlum
利用1984-1989年Pro Mare研究方案的数据和数学生态系统模型，以整个巴伦支海几年的平均值，介绍了巴伦支海水层生态系统中营养级的生物量分布和能量学。平均生物量范围从超过3吨km碳-2（浮游动物）到0.1 kg C km-2（北极熊），P/B比从300（细菌）到0.035（小须鲸）。然而，巴伦支海的生态系统远未达到稳定状态，例如，毛鳞鱼种群每年在30-700千克C km-2之间，鳕鱼种群在150-700千克C km-2之间。一般来说，在大西洋海水大量流入和浮游动物生产力高的“温暖”年份，各种鱼类种群都能充分生长，尽管速度不同。在“温暖”年份出现的种群分布不平衡可能导致“寒冷”年份的严重失衡，甚至导致种群的“崩溃”，如80年代毛鳞鱼种群的崩溃。鳕鱼、海鸟和海洋哺乳动物等中等规模种群的食物需求相当于毛鳞鱼平均生产力的两倍以上。因此，其他种类的中上层鱼类（鲱鱼、极地鳕鱼）和浮游动物显然是这些动物的主要猎物。
Biomass distribution and energetics of trophic levels in the pelagic ecosystem of the Barents Sea are presented as averages over several years for the whole Barents Sea using data from the research programme Pro Mare in 1984–1989 and mathematical ecosystem models. Average biomasses range from more than 3 tonnes carbon km−2 (zooplankton) to 0.1 kg C km−2 (polar bears) and P/B ratios from 300 (bacteria) to 0.035 (minke whales). However, the Barents Sea ecosystem is in a far from steady state with, for instance, capelin stocks ranging from 30–700 kg C km−2 between years and cod stocks from 150–700 kg C km−2. As a general rule, the various fish stocks grow adequately, albeit at different rates, in “warm” years characterized by large influxes of Atlantic water and high zooplankton productivity. The skewed populations distribution which arises in “warm” years may lead to grave imbalances in “cold” years and even to the “collapses” of stocks, such as of capelin in the eighties. The food requirements of average-sized stocks of cod, seabirds and marine mammals correspond to more than twice the average productivity of capelin. Thus other species of pelagic fish (herring, polar cod) and zooplankton obviously play major roles as prey for these animals.