Problem-Based Learning for Traditional and Interdisciplinary Classrooms
Problem-Based Learning for Traditional and Interdisciplinary Classrooms
复制标题
传统和跨学科课堂的基于问题的学习
DOI：
10.1177/016235329301600402
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
D. Workman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
William J. Stepien;Shelagh A. Gallagher;D. Workman
在课堂教学中，问题解决通常采取的形式是在一段时间的学习结束后向学生提出简洁的、验证式的问题。这种做法与专业问题解决形成鲜明对比，专业问题解决首先是问题，并且是调查和学习的催化剂。以问题为基础的学习为学生提供了一个机会，用同样的技术和思维习惯的专业人士使用的现实，结构不良的问题。以问题为基础的课程和教学设计通过围绕结构不良问题的调查设计教学，使学生成为专业问题解决者。教师扮演元认知教练和导师的角色，而不是对问题有“正确答案”的“专家”。本文介绍了伊利诺斯州数学与科学学院基于问题的学习的两种不同应用。一个应用程序是在一个跨学科的高级选修课题为科学，社会和未来的问题调查现代困境导致现代科技的进步;另一个是在一个更传统的大二必修课，美国研究，其中研究的问题为学生提供了一个感觉的关键决定，推动了国家的发展。还提供了正在进行的研究项目的描述，以记录该计划的有效性。
Classroom instruction in problem solving often takes the form of presenting neat, verification-style problems to students at the end of a period of learning. This practice stands in stark contrast to professional problem solving, where the problem comes first, and is a catalyst for investigation and learning. Problem-based learning provides students with an opportunity to grapple with realistic, ill-structured problems using the same kinds of techniques and habits of mind professionals use. The problem-based curriculum and instruction design puts students in the role of professional problem solvers by designing instruction around the investigation of an ill-structured problem. Teachers act as metacognitive coaches and tutors instead of “experts” who have the “right answer” to the problem. Two different applications of problem-based learning at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy are described in this article. One application is in an interdisciplinary senior elective course entitled Science, Society and the Future where problems investigate modern dilemmas resulting in modern advances in science and technology; the other is in a more traditional sophomore required course, American Studies, where the problems studied provide students with a feel for the critical decisions which drove the development of the Nation. A description of research projects underway to document the effectiveness of the program is also provided.