What's In and What's Out
What's In and What's Out
复制标题
什么是进的，什么是出的
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Critchlow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Critchlow
历史学家要小心了：政治历史正在被政治学家和社会学家所接管，而许多历史学家似乎对国家在塑造经济、福利、劳资关系、财政政策和军工复合体方面所发挥的重要作用无动于衷。也许最令人不安（也最令人耳目一新）的是，政治科学家们已经在全面的档案研究基础上进行了精明的分析，而这曾经是传统历史学家的领域。巴塞洛缪·h·斯派洛（Bartholomew H. Sparrow）对第二次世界大战期间美国国家发展的复杂研究就是一个很好的例子。这本书超越了之前对二战期间国家的研究，可以说是对政府在美国历史上这一关键时期所扮演的变革角色的最好研究。这是一本信息丰富、令人兴奋的书，在美国国家发展的方法上具有开创性。斯派洛是德克萨斯大学的政治学家，他认为，第二次世界大战期间现代国家的出现标志着美国政治发展方向的改变，与以前的政府政策有了系统性的决裂。在这样做的过程中，他挑战了认为美国政治和社会在战争期间的发展是渐进的，甚至是预先注定的解释。斯派洛利用55份档案资料，通过建立新的制度关系和安排，详细考察了第二次世界大战对社会保障体系、劳资关系、税收政策和军事采购政策的影响。与马克斯·韦伯的观点一致，斯派洛将国家定义为由三部分组成：官僚机构、政府与个人和组织之间建立的关系以及政策管理工具。
Historians beware: political history is being taken over by political scientists and sociologists, while many historians seem impervious to the important role the state has played in shaping the economy, welfare, labor relations, fiscal policy, and the military-industrial complex. What is perhaps most disturbing (and refreshing) is that political scientists have undertaken this task with astute analysis based on comprehensive archival research-once the domain of the traditional historian. Bartholomew H. Sparrow's sophisticated study of the development of the American state during World War II is a case in point. This book surpasses previous studies of the state during World War II and arguably stands as the best study of the transformative role government played at this critical period in American history. This is a book rich in information, exciting intellectually, and pioneering in its approach to American state development. Sparrow, a political scientist at the University of Texas, argues that the emergence of the contemporary state during World War II marked a systematic break with previous governmental policies by redirecting political development in the United States. In doing so, he challenges interpretations that find developments in American politics and society during the war as incremental, even preordained. Using fifty-five archival collections, Sparrow examines in precise detail the consequences of the Second World War on the social security system, labor-management relations, tax policy, and military procurement policy by creating new institutional relationships and arrangements. Consistent with Max Weber's perspective, Sparrow defines the state as consisting of three parts-bureaucracy, established relations between the government and individuals and organizations, and instruments of policy administration.