Complete Genome Sequence of Thermus aquaticus Y51MC23.
Complete Genome Sequence of Thermus aquaticus Y51MC23.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0138674
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mead DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brumm PJ;Monsma S;Keough B;Jasinovica S;Ferguson E;Schoenfeld T;Lodes M;Mead DA
水生栖热菌Y51MC 23是从黄石国家公园下间歇泉盆地的一个沸腾的泉水中分离出来的。值得注意的是，这个T。aquaticus菌株能够厌氧生长并产生多种形态形式。Y51MC23是一种革兰氏阴性杆状微生物，在50°C至80°C之间生长良好，在65°C至70°C时生长速度最快。生长研究表明，Y51MC 23主要从环境中清除蛋白质，由大量分泌和细胞内蛋白酶和肽酶以及氨基酸和肽的转运系统支持。使用350bp片段文库（配对末端测序）和8kb长跨度配对文库从头组装基因组。获得了由2.15 Mb的单个染色体和11、14、70和79 kb的四个质粒组成的封闭和完成的基因组。与其他栖热菌物种不同的是，在染色体上发现了通常在巨质粒上发现的功能。Y51MC23基因组包含两个完整和两个部分原噬菌体以及许多CRISPR基因座。Y51MC 23原噬菌体2和栖热菌2.9之间的高度同一性和同线性是有趣的，因为它们分离的两个温泉相距8，800 km。Y51MC23的厌氧生活方式是复杂的，在培养物中存在多种形态。荧光显微镜的使用揭示了这些不寻常的形态特征的新细节，包括存在多种类型的大小球体，通常形成一个汇合的球体层。许多球似乎不是由细胞被膜或外膜成分形成的，而是由重塑的肽聚糖细胞壁形成的。这些复杂的形态形式可以在生物体的生存中发挥多种功能，包括食物和核酸储存以及菌落附着和组织。
Thermus aquaticus Y51MC23 was isolated from a boiling spring in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. Remarkably, this T. aquaticus strain is able to grow anaerobically and produces multiple morphological forms. Y51MC23 is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped organism that grows well between 50°C and 80°C with maximum growth rate at 65°C to 70°C. Growth studies suggest that Y51MC23 primarily scavenges protein from the environment, supported by the high number of secreted and intracellular proteases and peptidases as well as transporter systems for amino acids and peptides. The genome was assembled de novo using a 350 bp fragment library (paired end sequencing) and an 8 kb long span mate pair library. A closed and finished genome was obtained consisting of a single chromosome of 2.15 Mb and four plasmids of 11, 14, 70, and 79 kb. Unlike other Thermus species, functions usually found on megaplasmids were identified on the chromosome. The Y51MC23 genome contains two full and two partial prophage as well as numerous CRISPR loci. The high identity and synteny between Y51MC23 prophage 2 and that of Thermus sp. 2.9 is interesting, given the 8,800 km separation of the two hot springs from which they were isolated. The anaerobic lifestyle of Y51MC23 is complex, with multiple morphologies present in cultures. The use of fluorescence microscopy reveals new details about these unusual morphological features, including the presence of multiple types of large and small spheres, often forming a confluent layer of spheres. Many of the spheres appear to be formed not from cell envelope or outer membrane components as previously believed, but from a remodeled peptidoglycan cell wall. These complex morphological forms may serve multiple functions in the survival of the organism, including food and nucleic acid storage as well as colony attachment and organization.