Addressing culture and context in humanitarian response: preparing desk reviews to inform mental health and psychosocial support
Addressing culture and context in humanitarian response: preparing desk reviews to inform mental health and psychosocial support
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DOI：
10.1186/s13031-017-0123-z
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发表时间：
2017-11-15
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Tol, Wietse A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greene, M. Claire;Jordans, Mark J. D.;Tol, Wietse A.
提供有效的心理健康和心理社会支持计划需要现有的卫生系统和社会文化背景的知识。为了对人道主义紧急情况作出迅速反应，国际组织往往寻求根据国际准则设计方案，并调动外部人力资源来管理和交付方案。让国际人道主义工作者熟悉当地文化和情境化方案对于最大限度地降低伤害风险、最大限度地提高效益和优化资源的有效利用至关重要。对传统卫生实践、文化信仰和对精神健康和疾病的态度、当地卫生保健系统以及以往人道主义干预经验的及时文献审查，可以为国际从业人员提供重要的背景信息，以提高他们的工作效率和最大效益。在本文中，我们借鉴了世界卫生组织（世卫组织）和难民署、联合国难民署（2012年）在四个不同的人道主义危机（海地和尼泊尔地震;叙利亚人和刚果人被迫流离失所）中实施案头审查指导的经验。我们讨论了设计和实施案头审查的关键参数，并讨论了当前的挑战和未来的方向，以改善人道主义紧急情况下的精神卫生保健和心理支持。
Delivery of effective mental health and psychosocial support programs requires knowledge of existing health systems and socio-cultural context. To respond rapidly to humanitarian emergencies, international organizations often seek to design programs according to international guidelines and mobilize external human resources to manage and deliver programs. Familiarizing international humanitarian practitioners with local culture and contextualizing programs is essential to minimize risk of harm, maximize benefit, and optimize efficient use of resources. Timely literature reviews on traditional health practices, cultural beliefs and attitudes toward mental health and illness, local health care systems and previous experiences with humanitarian interventions can provide international practitioners with crucial background information to improve their capacity to work efficiently and with maximum benefit. In this paper, we draw on experience implementing desk review guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNHCR, the United Nations Refugee Agency (2012) in four diverse humanitarian crises (earthquakes in Haiti and Nepal; forced displacement among Syrians and Congolese). We discuss critical parameters for the design and implementation of desk reviews, and discuss current challenges and future directions to improve mental health care and psychosocial support in humanitarian emergencies.