Biomechanical Plasticity Facilitates Invasion of Maritime Forests in the southern USA by Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
Biomechanical Plasticity Facilitates Invasion of Maritime Forests in the southern USA by Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
复制标题
生物力学可塑性促进巴西胡椒（Schinus terebinthifolius）入侵美国南部海洋森林
作者：
Tova Spector;F. Putz
生物力学可塑性和种内生长形式多样性是促进非本地植物物种入侵的特征。我们用美国佛罗里达州北部沿海栖息地的松树入侵的证据来支持这一论点，并描述了这种入侵对盐沼植物造成的一些后果。在拥挤的林中，香芋生长得更像藤蔓而不是树，其茎高：直径比几乎是开放生长个体的两倍，但木材密度或茎材料的弹性模量没有变化。当从周围的植被中拔出时，以前拥挤的斯金努斯茎在自身重量的作用下弯曲。与研究地点唯一丰富的其他树种维吉尼亚杜松树冠相比，雪松树冠在邻近的盐沼上延伸得更远。沿着森林边缘，被雪努树冠覆盖的盐沼植物的地上生物量减少了一个数量级以上。雪努斯的生物力学可塑性使其能够调整其生长形式以适应栖息地条件，并且可以作为蔓延的灌木在盐沼边缘占据主导地位，并且可以作为独立的树木或木本藤本植物在海洋森林中占据主导地位，具体取决于林分拥挤程度
Biomechanical plasticity and within-species growth form diversity are traits that can facilitate invasion by non-native plant species. We support this argument with evidence from the invasion of coastal habitats in northern Florida, USA, by Schinus terebinthifolius and describe some of the consequences of this invasion for overtopped saltmarsh plants. In crowded stands, Schinus grows more like a vine than a tree, with stem height : diameter ratios nearly twice than those observed in open-grown individuals but with no changes in wood density or the modulus of elasticity of stem material. When extracted from the surrounding vegetation, the formerly crowded Schinus stems buckle under their own weight. Schinus crowns also extend much further over adjacent saltmarsh than crowns of Juniperus virginiana, the only other tree species abundant in the study site. Along forest edges, the above-ground biomass of saltmarsh plants overtopped by Schinus crowns was reduced by more than an order of magnitude. The biomechanical plasticity of Schinus allows it to adapt its growth form to suit habitat conditions and can dominate the edges of salt marshes as a sprawling shrub and maritime forests as either a free-standing tree or a woody vine, depending on stand crowding