Autoimmune encephalitis as differential diagnosis of infectious encephalitis.
Autoimmune encephalitis as differential diagnosis of infectious encephalitis.
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自身免疫性脑炎作为感染性脑炎的鉴别诊断。
DOI：
10.1097/wco.0000000000000087
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Dalmau J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armangue T;Leypoldt F;Dalmau J
描述自身免疫性脑炎的主要类型，特别强调与神经细胞表面或突触蛋白抗体相关的类型，以及与感染性脑炎的鉴别诊断。作为自身免疫目标的细胞表面或突触蛋白的数量不断增加。最近发现的包括 mGluR5、DPPX 和 GABAAR。在这些和以前已知的自身免疫性脑炎（NMDAR、AMPAR、GABABR、LGI1、CASPR2）中，前驱症状或表现类型通常提示病毒性脑炎。我们在此回顾有助于鉴别诊断传染性脑炎的线索。此外，最近的研究表明，病毒性脑炎（例如单纯疱疹）可以引发突触自身免疫。对于所有这些疾病，免疫疗法通常是有效的。自身免疫性脑炎包括一组不断扩大的潜在可治疗疾病，应将其纳入任何类型脑炎的鉴别诊断中。
To describe the main types of autoimmune encephalitis with special emphasis on those associated with antibodies against neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins, and the differential diagnosis with infectious encephalitis. There is a continuous expansion of the number of cell surface or synaptic proteins that are targets of autoimmunity. The most recently identified include the mGluR5, DPPX, and the GABAAR. In these and previously known autoimmune encephalitis (NMDAR, AMPAR, GABABR, LGI1, CASPR2), the prodromal symptoms or types of presentations often suggest a viral encephalitis. We review here clues that help in the differential diagnosis with infectious encephalitis. Moreover, recent investigations indicate that viral encephalitis (e.g., herpes simplex) can trigger synaptic autoimmunity. In all these disorders immunotherapy is usually effective. Autoimmune encephalitis comprises an expanding group of potentially treatable disorders that should be included in the differential diagnosis of any type of encephalitis.