Development of a new inactivated vaccine for equine rhinopneumonitis virus in Japan.
Development of a new inactivated vaccine for equine rhinopneumonitis virus in Japan.
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日本开发马鼻肺炎病毒新型灭活疫苗。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Y. Kawakami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Hashiguchi;T. Tokui;Y. Kawakami
1967年初，北海道日高地区爆发了马鼻肺炎病毒（ERV）引起的流产和死产，主要是进口马匹。 Kawakami等人J.3>发现，从流产胎儿中分离出的病毒HH-1株与迄今为止已知的日本本土株（TH-202>和H-457>）的抗原性不同，与在美国被认为导致流产的病毒具有相同的抗原性。自ERV引起的流产爆发以来，人们迫切希望制定预防措施。 Shimizu等人J.6,8>报告了用小马进行的初步实验结果，预感染KyB株的天然株或减毒病毒（从美国流产胎儿分离并适应仓鼠）可有效预防HH-1的鼻内攻击，并且LKK方法，其中接种KyD株（类似于KyBll）或天然株的灭活疫苗两次，两次接种原生活病毒后，能够保护HH-1株气管内感染9>。此外，鉴于在日本几乎所有达到怀孕年龄的马都被认为经历过本土病毒感染，他们提出了仅通过使用灭活疫苗来预防流产的可能性。 Kawakami等人J.5>将Shimizu的方法实验应用于怀孕的马，并报道接种活疫苗（天然株）和灭活疫苗（KyD株）能够预防流产和死产。现在，正如Shimizu等人指出的那样，日本的马，特别是怀孕的马，大多经历过天然病毒感染，因此尝试检验仅使用灭活疫苗而不接种活病毒的免疫效果。首先，将HH-1株适应牛肾细胞培养后，在小牛肾细胞系(CKT)中繁殖，建立了病毒的培养方法。接下来，利用悬浮细胞培养方法建立了大规模培养的方法，因为CKT细胞可以在大型悬浮细胞培养罐中培养。然后，通过浓缩该病毒后进行部分纯化，可以生产具有更高滴度值的灭活疫苗。该疫苗被证明对马是安全的，并且可以高度预防堕胎。
In early 1967, an outbreak of abortion and stillbirth caused by Equine Rhinopneumonitis Virus (ERV) occurred mainly with imported horses in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido. Kawakami et aJ.3> found out that the virus HH-1 strain isolated from the aborted fetus was different in antigenicity from Japanese native strains (TH-202> and H-457>) so fa r known, showing the same antigenicity of the virus which is regarded to cause abortions in the United States of America. Since that outbreak of abortion caused by ERV, it has been keenly desired to establish preventive measures. Shimizu et aJ.6,8> reported the result of preliminary experiment with colts that the pre-infection either of native strain or attenuated virus of KyB strain (isolated from aborted fetus in U.S.A. and adapted to hamsteru) was effective in preventing intranasal challenge of HH-1, and that the LKK method, in which inactivated vaccine of KyD strain (aki n to KyBll) or that of the native strain were inoculated twice, after inoculating the native live virus twice, was able to protect intratracheal infection of HH-1 strain9>. Furthermore, in view of the fact that in Japan almost all horses reaching the age of pregnancy are considered to have experienced native virus infection, they?> suggested the possibility of preventing abor tion only by the use of inactivated vaccine. Kawakami et aJ.5> applied the Shimizu's method experimentally to pregnant horses, and repor ted that the inoculation of live (a native strain) and inactivated (KyD strain) vaccine is able to prevent abortion and stillbirth. Now that the horses in Japan, especially pregnant horses, have mostly experienced the native virus infection as pointed out by Shimizu et aJ.7>, an attempt was made to examine the immunity effect of inactivated vaccine alone without live virus inoculation. At first, the culture method of virus was established by propagating the HH-1 strain in calf kidney cell line (CKT) after an adaptation to bovine kidney cell culture. Next, the method of mass-culture was established by using the suspension cell culture method, as the CKT cells can be cultured in big suspension cell culture tanks. Then, the production of inactivated vaccine having higher titer values was made possible by partial purification after concentration of this virus. The vaccine was proved to be safe to horses and highly precautionary against abortion.