The Perceptual Root of Object-Based Storage: An Interactive Model of Perception and Visual Working Memory
The Perceptual Root of Object-Based Storage: An Interactive Model of Perception and Visual Working Memory
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基于对象的存储的感知根源：感知和视觉工作记忆的交互模型
DOI：
10.1037/a0025637
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Shen, Mowei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao, Tao;Gao, Zaifeng;Shen, Mowei
视觉知觉的主流理论认为，视觉工作记忆(VWM)对于整合在线知觉信息和在变化的环境中构建连贯的视觉体验至关重要。考虑到在线感知和视觉工作记忆之间的动态交互作用，我们认为视觉感知过程中视觉信息的处理方式直接决定了信息在视觉工作记忆中的选择、整合和维护。我们通过研究什么样的知觉信息可以作为整合对象存储在VWM中来证明这一假设的有效性。介绍了基于对象存储的三个标准：(A)任务无关特征的自动选择；(B)多个特征的同步合并；(C)特征合取的稳定维护。结果表明，平行知觉的输出满足所有三个标准，而串联注意加工的输出不符合所有三个标准。这些结果表明：(A)知觉和视觉工作记忆不是两个连续的过程，而是动态地交织在一起的；(B)视觉工作记忆中存在着储存知觉不同阶段识别的信息的分离机制；(C)视觉工作记忆中的整合客体表征来源于平行知觉产生的“前注意”或“原型”客体。这些结果表明，视觉感知、注意力和视觉工作记忆可以用一个统一的框架来解释。
Mainstream theories of visual perception assume that visual working memory (VWM) is critical for integrating online perceptual information and constructing coherent visual experiences in changing environments. Given the dynamic interaction between online perception and VWM, we propose that how visual information is processed during visual perception can directly determine how the information is going to be selected, consolidated, and maintained in VWM. We demonstrate the validity of this hypothesis by investigating what kinds of perceptual information can be stored as integrated objects in VWM. Three criteria for object-based storage are introduced: (a) automatic selection of task-irrelevant features, (b) synchronous consolidation of multiple features, and (c) stable maintenance of feature conjunctions. The results show that the outputs of parallel perception meet all three criteria, as opposed to the outputs of serial attentive processing, which fail all three criteria. These results indicate that (a) perception and VWM are not two sequential processes, but are dynamically intertwined; (b) there are dissociated mechanisms in VWM for storing information identified at different stages of perception; and (c) the integrated object representations in VWM originate from the "preattentive" or " proto" objects created by parallel perception. These results suggest how visual perception, attention, and VWM can be explained by a unified framework.