Nonrelocatable Occupations at Increased Risk During Pandemics: United States, 2018
Nonrelocatable Occupations at Increased Risk During Pandemics: United States, 2018
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2020.305738
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Baker, Marissa G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baker, Marissa G.
目标.为了描述美国哪些职业可能在COVID-19等大流行期间在家工作。我将2018年美国劳工统计局（BLS）的全国就业和工资数据与BLS O*NET调查中对工作中使用计算机的重要性以及与公众合作或为公众工作的重要性进行了排名。大约25%（3560万）的美国工人受雇于可以在家完成的职业（如技术，行政，金融和工程）;其余75%的工作在具有挑战性的职业（包括医疗保健，制造业，零售和食品服务）。大多数美国工人从事的职业无法在家中完成，这使得1.084亿工人面临与大流行期间工作相关的不良健康后果的风险增加。这些工人的工资往往较低。低收入群体所经历的压力，加上工作不安全，除了增加工作场所传播的COVID-19病例外，还可能导致美国心理健康障碍的巨大负担。
Objectives. To characterize which occupations in the United States could likely work from home during a pandemic such as COVID-19.Methods. I merged 2018 US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) national employment and wage data with measures ranking the importance of computer use at work and the importance of working with or performing for the public from the BLS O*NET survey.Results. Approximately 25% (35.6 million) of US workers are employed in occupations (such as technology, administrative, financial, and engineering) that could be done from home; the remaining 75% work in occupations (including health care, manufacturing, retail, and food services) that are challenging to do from home.Conclusions. Most US workers are employed in occupations that cannot be done at home, putting 108.4 million workers at increased risk for adverse health outcomes related to working during a pandemic. These workers tend to be lower paid. The stress experienced by lower-income groups, coupled with job insecurity, could result in a large burden of mental health disorders in the United States in addition to increased cases of COVID-19 from workplace transmission.