Developmental changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal activity over the transition to adolescence: Normative changes and associations with puberty
Developmental changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal activity over the transition to adolescence: Normative changes and associations with puberty
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0954579409000054
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Griggs, Christopher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gunnar, Megan R.;Wewerka, Sandi;Griggs, Christopher
家庭基线和实验室压力源（特里尔儿童社会压力测试） 对 82 名年龄分别为 9、11、13 和 15 岁的参与者（40 名女孩）进行唾液皮质醇测量。还获得了青春期发育、自我报告的压力、儿童抑郁症状和恐惧气质的家长报告以及交感和副交感神经活动的心脏测量。随着年龄和青春期发育，家庭皮质醇基线显着增加。皮质醇应激反应因年龄组而异，11 岁和 13 岁男孩表现出反应迟钝，而 9 岁、13 岁女孩和 15 岁则表现出显着的皮质醇反应。皮质醇反应性与性成熟略有相关。交感神经活动的测量显示交感神经调节随着年龄的增长而增加。较高的交感神经张力与更恐惧的气质相关，而较高的皮质醇反应性与女孩更焦虑和抑郁的症状相关。讨论了这些发现对于青春期相关的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴活动增加会增加精神病理学风险这一假设的重要性。
Home baseline and laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test for Children) Measures of salivary cortisol were obtained from 82 participants (40 girls) aged 9, 11, 13, and 15 years. Measures of pubertal development, self-reported stress, parent reports of child depressive symptoms and fearful temperament, and cardiac measures of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity were also obtained. Significant increases in the home cortisol baselines were found with age and pubertal development. Cortisol stress reactivity differed by age group with 11-year-olds and 13-year-old boys showing blunted reactivity and 9-year-olds, 13-year-old girls, and 15-year-olds showing significant cortisol reactions. Cortisol reactivity correlated marginally with sexual maturation. Measures of sympathetic activity revealed increased sympathetic modulation with age. Higher sympathetic tone was associated with more fearful temperament, whereas greater cortisol reactivity was associated with more anxious and depressed symptoms for girls. The importance of these findings for the hypothesis that puberty-associated increases in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity heightens the risk of psychopathology is discussed.