Antibiotic sales in rural and urban pharmacies in northern Vietnam: an observational study.
Antibiotic sales in rural and urban pharmacies in northern Vietnam: an observational study.
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越南北部农村和城市药房的抗生素销售：一项观察性研究。
DOI：
10.1186/2050-6511-15-6
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发表时间：
2014-02-20
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Wertheim HF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nga do TT;Chuc NT;Hoa NP;Hoa NQ;Nguyen NT;Loan HT;Toan TK;Phuc HD;Horby P;Van Yen N;Van Kinh N;Wertheim HF
抗生素的不合理过度使用应该尽量减少，因为它会导致抗生素耐药性的发展，但改变这些做法是具有挑战性的。需要更好地了解抗生素分配的做法和经济激励措施，以便设计有效的干预措施，减少不适当的抗生素使用。在这里，我们报告了越南北部私人药店抗生素销售的数量和质量方面的情况。2010年，对河内地区30家私营药店(15家城市药店和15家农村药店)的所有药品销售情况进行了连续三天的观察和记录。评估了抗生素占药品总销售额的比例，并计算了农村和城市环境下的收入。采用半结构式问卷调查和深度访谈相结合的方法，对药师和药商进行访谈，了解抗生素调剂的激励结构。总共观察到2953笔药品销售交易(2083笔城市和870笔农村)。抗生素对城乡药店总收入的贡献率分别为24%和18%。大多数抗生素都是在没有处方的情况下销售的：88%在城市，91%在农村药店。据报告，购买抗生素的最常见原因是城市咳嗽(32%)和农村地区发烧(22%)。消费者通常在没有处方的情况下要求抗生素：城市地区50%，农村地区28%。定性数据显示，药贩和消费者对抗生素和抗生素耐药性的知识知晓率较低，农村地区尤为明显。在越南，在没有处方的情况下销售抗生素仍然是一个主要问题。建议改进的领域包括执行法规和定价政策以及教育计划，以增加药品销售商的知识，以及提高社区意识，以减少药品销售商不适当分配抗生素的需求侧压力。
The irrational overuse of antibiotics should be minimized as it drives the development of antibiotic resistance, but changing these practices is challenging. A better understanding is needed of practices and economic incentives for antibiotic dispensing in order to design effective interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. Here we report on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of antibiotic sales in private pharmacies in northern Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which all drug sales were observed and recorded for three consecutive days at thirty private pharmacies, 15 urban and 15 rural, in the Hanoi region in 2010. The proportion of antibiotics to total drug sales was assessed and the revenue was calculated for rural and urban settings. Pharmacists and drug sellers were interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews to understand the incentive structure of antibiotic dispensing. In total 2953 drug sale transactions (2083 urban and 870 rural) were observed. Antibiotics contributed 24% and 18% to the total revenue of pharmacies in urban and rural, respectively. Most antibiotics were sold without a prescription: 88% in urban and 91% in rural pharmacies. The most frequent reported reason for buying antibiotics was cough in the urban setting (32%) and fever in the rural area (22%). Consumers commonly requested antibiotics without having a prescription: 50% in urban and 28% in rural area. The qualitative data revealed that drug sellers and customer’s knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance were low, particularly in rural area. Over the counter sales of antibiotic without a prescription remains a major problem in Vietnam. Suggested areas of improvement are enforcement of regulations and pricing policies and educational programs to increase the knowledge of drug sellers as well as to increase community awareness to reduce demand-side pressure for drug sellers to dispense antibiotics inappropriately.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-7599.2010.00539.x
发表时间：
2010-09
影响因子：
--
作者：
Landers TF;Ferng YH;McLoughlin JW;Barrett AE;Larson E
通讯作者：
Larson E
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Nyazema, N.;Viberg, N.;Lundborg, C. Stalsby
通讯作者：
Lundborg, C. Stalsby
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Al-Faham, Zaid;Habboub, Ghaith;Takriti, Farah
通讯作者：
Takriti, Farah
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Okumura, J;Wakai, S;Umenai, T
通讯作者：
Umenai, T
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Hoa, Nguyen Quynh;Larson, Mattias;Stalsby, Cecilia Lundborg
通讯作者：
Stalsby, Cecilia Lundborg