Beyond the bean: Analyzing diversified farming, food security, dietary diversity, and gender in Nicaragua’s smallholders coffee cooperatives
Beyond the bean: Analyzing diversified farming, food security, dietary diversity, and gender in Nicaragua’s smallholders coffee cooperatives
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DOI：
10.1080/21683565.2023.2171172
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
C. Bacon;María Eugenia Flores Gómez;Vanessa Shin;Gabi Ballardo;Skyler Kriese;Emma McCurry;Erica Martinez;Misael Rivas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Bacon;María Eugenia Flores Gómez;Vanessa Shin;Gabi Ballardo;Skyler Kriese;Emma McCurry;Erica Martinez;Misael Rivas
摘要多样化是农业生态转型的关键，但人们对多样化与农民饮食多样性和粮食主权的关系知之甚少。我们的团队和咖啡合作社的工作人员进行了一项参与式行动研究混合方法的研究，包括171个调查和50个访谈。超过70%的农民报告说，他们自己开展了多样化活动。统计分析表明，在控制农场规模和收入的情况下，作物多样性和膳食多样性之间存在显著的正相关关系。为了评估性别关系，女性对41%的调查做出了回应，我们按性别划分了焦点小组。男性拥有的农场平均比女性拥有的农场大1.8公顷，但我们没有发现家庭粮食安全或饮食多样性的显着差异。其他差异包括男性与女性对谁做更多的多样化工作和谁决定战略的看法。虽然合作社有一个强大的性别平等和技术援助计划，我们对推广培训文件的分析确定了有用的内容，以及多样化与性别课程中女性参与者的比例较小。为合作社规划建议的战略行动包括支持：（1）女性土地所有权，（2）以多样化为重点的农民主导的实验，以及（3）为男性提供更多的性别培训，为女性提供更多的多样化培训，以及为所有参与女权主义农业生态学的人提供更多的培训。
ABSTRACT Diversification is key for agroecological transformations, but little is known about how it relates to farmers’ dietary diversity and food sovereignty. Our team and coffee cooperative staff conducted a participatory action research mixed methods study, including 171 surveys and 50 interviews. Over 70% of the farmers reported self-initiated diversification activities. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation between crop diversity and dietary diversity, while controlling for farm size and income. To assess gender relations females responded to 41% of the surveys, and we separated focus groups by sex. Average male-owned farms were 1.8 ha larger than women-owned farms, yet we found no significant differences in household food security or dietary diversity. Additional disparities included male vs. female perceptions about who does additional diversification work and who decides about strategies. Although the co-op has a strong gender equity and technical assistance program, our analysis of extension training documents identified useful content and a smaller percent of female participants in diversification vs. gender sessions. Suggested strategic actions for co-op planning include supporting: (1) female land ownership, (2) diversification focused farmer-led experimentation, and (3) more training for men on gender, women on diversification, and all participants in feminist agroecology.