LACK OF PREDICTION IN MOTOR BEHAVIOR OF PARKINSONISM
LACK OF PREDICTION IN MOTOR BEHAVIOR OF PARKINSONISM
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/101.1.35
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
FLOWERS, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FLOWERS, K
正常熟练动作的一个主要组成部分是预测。在之前的一篇论文(Flowers，1978a)中，有人建议正常受试者尽可能多地使用预测来控制他们的行为，特别是在知觉-运动技能方面。受试者被描述为建立一个外部世界的“内部模型”，由此他们可以产生对未来事件的预测性假设，并将这些预测用于行为的直接控制(Gregory，1970)。他们使用感官信息来建立他们的模型并触发预测，而不是直接发起反应(除非预测是不可能的)。通过这种方式，他们可以绕过反应时间的障碍，也可以在没有感觉数据的情况下继续适当的行动--如果他们的预测是正确的。不准确的预测可能会导致受试者犯下比直接对感官输入做出反应的策略更大的错误。这份报告描述了两组患有神经运动障碍(帕金森氏病和各种意向震颤)的受试者的追踪行为，并调查了他们在启动和控制自己的行动时表现出的预测控制的程度。先前对这些患者的研究表明，帕金森氏症会影响患者在瞄准固定靶点时产生预先编程的“弹道”运动的能力，也会在很大的频率范围内产生平滑的连续运动(Flowers，1975年、1976年、19786)，这表明这可能表明对受试者自身运动的控制缺乏预测。这些患者是否也缺乏预测外部世界未来事件的正常倾向，他们必须针对这些事件采取行动？震颤组在控制自己的动作方面有相当大的困难，但他们的瞄准显示出正常的预测因素，作为对照组进行了测试。预测控制的两个特点
Amajor component of normal skilled movement is prediction. In a previous paper (Flowers, 1978a) it was suggested that normal subjects use prediction as much as possible in controlling their behaviour, especially in perceptual-motor skills. Subjects were described as building an'internal model'of the external world, from which they can generate predictive hypotheses of future events, and as using these predictions in the immediate control of behaviour (Gregory, 1970). They use sensory information to build up their model and to trigger off predictions, rather than to initiate responses directly (except where prediction is impossible). Working this way enables them to circumvent the handicap of their reaction time, and also to continue appropriate actions in the absence of sensory data—if their predictions are correct. Inaccurate predictions may lead subjects to make greater errors than would occur with a strategy of direct response to the sensory input. These characteristics were demonstrated in 16 subjects performing three simple pursuit tracking tasks.This report describes the tracking behaviour of two groups of subjects with neurological disorders of movement (Parkinson's disease and intention tremor of various kinds), and investigates the degree to which they show predictive control in initiating and controlling their actions. Previous work with these patients has shown that Parkinson's disease affects the patient's ability to produce preprogrammed'ballistic'movements when aiming at a stationary target point, and also to generate smooth continuous movement over a wide range of frequencies (Flowers, 1975, 1976, 19786), suggesting that this may represent a lack of prediction in the control of the subject's own movements. Do these patients also lack the normal tendency to predict future events in the external world to which they must direct their actions? The tremor group, who have considerable difficulty in controlling their own movements, but who show a normal predictive element in their aiming, were tested as a comparison group. Two features of predictive control