Developing Institutions — ‘Crony Capitalism’ and National Capabilities: a European Perspective
Developing Institutions — ‘Crony Capitalism’ and National Capabilities: a European Perspective
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发展中的机构——“裙带资本主义”和国家能力：欧洲的视角
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
Ray Loveridge
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作者：
Ray Loveridge
对国家商业体系差异的比较制度主义方法必然会凸显当代资本主义运作的差异。较少强调导致最终治理形式制度化的历史事件的相似性。这些必须包括政治精英共同的潜在理念取向，以发展工业基础来扩大国内生产总值。这种工业化的冲动导致了第二种普遍现象——家族或个人控制的企业集团（FBG）的重要性。政治国家与家族企业集团之间的联盟显然是国家商业体系的长期特征。本文认为，这种关系资本主义也可能被视为危险地依赖于种族认同同质的民族社区。在东南亚，国家与 FBG 之间的关系可能会加剧多民族社区之间的不平等，并对技术创新造成制度化障碍。然而，东盟和早期工业化进程中的一个不同因素是外国跨国企业的存在，它们侵入了国家与FBG的耦合，并为当地劳动力和资本市场的形成提供了新的选择。
The comparative institutionalist approach to differences in national business systems necessarily highlights variations in the workings of contemporary capitalism. Less emphasis is given to similarities in historical events leading to the institutionalization of eventual forms of governance. These must include a common underlying ideational orientation of political elites to develop an industrial base from which to expand GDP. This urge to industrialize has led to a second common phenomenon — the importance of the family- or personally controlled business group (FBG). The alliance between political state and family business group is evidently a long-standing feature of national business systems. This paper suggests that such relational capitalism might also be seen as dangerously dependent on national communities that are homogenous in respect to ethnic identity. In South-East Asia, relations between the state and FBG can exacerbate inequities among multi-ethnic communities and provide institutionalized blockage to technological innovation. However, a different element of this process between ASEAN and earlier industrializers is the presence of foreign MNEs, which intrude upon state–FBG coupling and provide new options in the formation of local markets for labour and capital.