Breakdown of hydrodynamics below four dimensions in a fracton fluid
Breakdown of hydrodynamics below four dimensions in a fracton fluid
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DOI：
10.1038/s41567-022-01631-x
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Paolo Glorioso;Jinkang Guo;J. Rodriguez-Nieva;A. Lucas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paolo Glorioso;Jinkang Guo;J. Rodriguez-Nieva;A. Lucas
流体力学是描述混沌多体系统热化的普适有效理论，它只依赖于基础理论的对称性。虽然Navier-Stokes方程可以描述经典液体和气体，超冷原子或夸克胶子等离子体的量子流体，但它们还不能描述粒子运动受到运动学约束的物质相。在这里，我们提出了非线性波动模型的电荷/质量，偶极子/质心和动量守恒。这种流体动力学有效理论在四维以下是不稳定的：静止的偶极守恒流体对波动是不稳定的，这使得系统成为一个动力学普适类，具有与传统流体不同的性质。在一维空间中，我们的构造让人想起随机Navier-Stokes方程的完善的重整化群流;然而，我们发现的不动点具有亚扩散标度，而不是Kardar-Parisi-Zhang普适性类的超扩散标度。我们数值模拟多体经典动力学在一维和二维模型与偶极子和动量守恒，并找到证据的预测故障的流体动力学。我们的理论提供了一个控制的例子，运动学约束如何导致一个丰富的景观动力学普遍性类在高维模型。
Hydrodynamics is a universal effective theory that describes the thermalization of chaotic many-body systems, and depends only on the symmetries of the underlying theory. Although the Navier–Stokes equations can describe classical liquids and gases, quantum fluids of ultracold atoms or quark–gluon plasma, they cannot yet describe the phases of matter where particle motion is kinematically constrained. Here we present the nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics of models with simultaneous charge/mass, dipole/centre of mass and momentum conservation. This hydrodynamic effective theory is unstable below four spatial dimensions: dipole-conserving fluids at rest are unstable to fluctuations, which drive the system to a dynamical universality class with qualitatively distinct features from conventional fluids. In one spatial dimension, our construction is reminiscent of the well-established renormalization group flow of the stochastic Navier–Stokes equations; however, the fixed point we find possesses subdiffusive scaling rather than the superdiffusive scaling of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class. We numerically simulate many-body classical dynamics in one- and two-dimensional models with dipole and momentum conservation, and find evidence for the predicted breakdown of hydrodynamics. Our theory provides a controlled example of how kinematic constraints lead to a rich landscape of dynamical universality classes in high-dimensional models.