Wildlife Tuberculosis: An Emerging Threat for Conservation in South Asia
Wildlife Tuberculosis: An Emerging Threat for Conservation in South Asia
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野生动物结核病：南亚保护面临的新威胁
DOI：
10.5772/65798
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yasuhiko Suzuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jeewan Thapa;C. Nakajima;K. Gairhe;BhagwanMaharjan;S. Paudel;Y. Shah;S. Mikota;G. Kaufman;Deborah L. McCauley;T. Tsubota;S. Gordon;Yasuhiko Suzuki
野生动物结核病（TB）正在成为全球保护面临的新挑战之一。南亚地区是亚洲象、犀牛、孟加拉虎等许多濒危物种的家园。尽管它承担了全球人类结核病负担的三分之一以上，但牲畜和野生动物的结核病尚未得到充分研究。本章回顾了有关南亚结核分枝杆菌复合群动物适应成员和野生动物结核病的现有知识和信息。最近对尼泊尔和孟加拉国不同野生动物结核病的研究发现，M.orygis 是该地区野生动物结核病的新威胁。这些研究表明，该地区流行的稻米菌株具有广泛的多样性，表明其地方性分布。与米糠相关的结核病是在尼泊尔的一头自由放养的犀牛身上发现的，这一发现可能意味着结核病对其他野生动物的威胁，包括可能存在未知的维持宿主。最近的研究还揭示了结核病给尼泊尔、印度和斯里兰卡等不同南亚国家的大象带来的新挑战。野生动物结核病正在成为南亚的一个保护挑战，但由于该领域研究的缺乏，它被忽视和探索不足。
Wildlife tuberculosis (TB) is becoming one of the emerging challenges for conservation globally. South Asian region is home to many endangered species like Asian elephants, rhinoceros, and Bengal tigers. Although it carries more than one‐third of global burden of human TB, TB in livestock and wildlife has not been adequately studied. This chap‐ ter reviews the present knowledge and information about animal‐adapted members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and wildlife TB in South Asia. Recent studies of TB from different wild animals in Nepal and Bangladesh have found that M.orygis is an emerging threat of wildlife TB in the region. These studies have demonstrated wide diversity of M. orygis strains circulating in the region indicating its endemic distribution. M. orygis–associated TB was discovered from a free‐ranging rhinoceros in Nepal and the finding could signify threat of TB in other wild animals, including a possibility of unknown maintenance host. Recent studies also revealed an emerging challenge caused by TB to elephants in different South Asian countries like Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka. Wildlife TB is becoming a conservation challenge in South Asia, but given the paucity of research in this area, it is overlooked and underexplored.