A synthesis of mercury research in the Southern Hemisphere, part 2: Anthropogenic perturbations.

A synthesis of mercury research in the Southern Hemisphere, part 2: Anthropogenic perturbations.
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DOI:
10.1007/s13280-023-01840-5
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发表时间:
2023-05
期刊:
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Walters, Chavon
Walters, Chavon
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fisher, Jenny A.;Schneider, Larissa;Fostier, Anne-Helene;Guerrero, Saul;Guimaraes, Jean Remy Davee;Labuschagne, Casper;Leaner, Joy J.;Martin, Lynwill G.;Mason, Robert P.;Somerset, Vernon;Walters, Chavon

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环境汞(HG)污染是一个全球关注的问题,需要在国家规模上采取行动。尽管历史,政治和社会经济差异,影响HG来源和下沉的半球,但北半球HG数据的全球外推就为科学的理解和监管政策提供了基础。在本文中,我们探讨了对HG发射和动员过程的主要人为扰动,这些扰动在半球之间有所不同,并综合了对HG循环的影响的当前理解。在南半球(SH)中,HG和其他金属的历史生产较低意味着较低的遗产排放量,但差异的程度仍然不确定。更多地使用火灾和较高的森林砍伐率可以促进陆地汞的重新安装,同时还可以去除植被,否则将为大气汞提供水槽。在手工和小规模的金矿开采中,普遍的HG使用是热带地区环境的HG输入的主要来源。同时,燃煤电站仍然是一个重要的HG排放来源,非有产金属的工业生产是一个大型且不断增长的贡献者。仍然存在主要的不确定性,阻碍了科学理解和有效的政策制定,我们主张迫切需要优先考虑SH采样不足的地区的研究活动。 在线版本包含的补充材料可获得10.1007/s13280-023-01840-5。
Environmental mercury (Hg) contamination is a global concern requiring action at national scales. Scientific understanding and regulatory policies are underpinned by global extrapolation of Northern Hemisphere Hg data, despite historical, political, and socioeconomic differences between the hemispheres that impact Hg sources and sinks. In this paper, we explore the primary anthropogenic perturbations to Hg emission and mobilization processes that differ between hemispheres and synthesize current understanding of the implications for Hg cycling. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), lower historical production of Hg and other metals implies lower present-day legacy emissions, but the extent of the difference remains uncertain. More use of fire and higher deforestation rates drive re-mobilization of terrestrial Hg, while also removing vegetation that would otherwise provide a sink for atmospheric Hg. Prevalent Hg use in artisanal and small-scale gold mining is a dominant source of Hg inputs to the environment in tropical regions. Meanwhile, coal-fired power stations continue to be a significant Hg emission source and industrial production of non-ferrous metals is a large and growing contributor. Major uncertainties remain, hindering scientific understanding and effective policy formulation, and we argue for an urgent need to prioritize research activities in under-sampled regions of the SH. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-023-01840-5.
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