Contraceptive failure in the first two years of use: Differences across socioeconomic subgroups
Contraceptive failure in the first two years of use: Differences across socioeconomic subgroups
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DOI：
10.2307/2673738
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Singh, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ranjit, N;Bankole, A;Singh, S
内容：虽然随着时间的推移，妇女社会经济亚群之间避孕药具使用水平的差异已大大缩小，但意外怀孕率仍存在很大差异。一个原因是变化的有效性，妇女和他们的合作伙伴使用避孕方法：避孕药具的使用和意外怀孕的数据，从1988年和1995年的全国家庭增长调查进行了纠正堕胎漏报和汇总分析。估计可逆的方法在第一年，第二年和前两年的使用，为不同的characteristics.Results亚组的妇女的平均失败率为所有可逆的方法，调整流产报告，从13%下降到8%，从第一年的方法使用到第二年。使用杀精剂、戒断和定期禁欲的妇女第一年的失败率最高（平均第一年为23-28%），依赖长效方法和口服避孕药的妇女最低（4-8%）。除30-44岁妇女、已婚妇女和最贫困妇女外，所有使用者的意外怀孕率平均超过10%。18岁以下和18- 19岁使用避孕方法者的意外怀孕率无显著差异。结论：使用者和避孕方法的特点决定了避孕方法使用者能否避免意外怀孕。计划生育服务提供者应帮助客户确定他们最有可能成功使用的方法，并建议他们如何成为一致的用户，并避免导致方法失败的行为。
Context: While differences in levels of contraceptive use across socioeconomic subgroups of women have narrowed greatly over time, large disparities remain in rates of unintended pregnancy. One reason is variations in the effectiveness with which women and their partners use contraceptive methods.Methods: Data on contraceptive use and accidental pregnancy from the 1988 and 1995 National Surveys of Family Growth were corrected for abortion underreporting and pooled for analysis. Use-failure rates were estimated for reversible methods during the first year, second year and first two years of use, for subgroups of women of various characteristics.Results: The average failure rate for all reversible methods, adjusted for abortion under reporting, declines from 13% to 8% from the first year of method use to the second year. First-year failure rates are highest among women using spermicides, withdrawal and periodic abstinence ton average, 23-28% in the first year), and lowest for women relying on long-acting methods and oral contraceptives (4-8%). On average, they exceed 10% for all users except women aged 30-44, married women and women in the highest poverty-status category The chance of accidental pregnancy does not differ significantly between method users younger than 18 and those aged 18-19.Conclusion: Both user and method characteristics determine whether contraceptive users will be able to avoid unintended pregnancy. Family planning providers should help clients to identify methods that they are most likely to use successfully and counsel them on how to be consistent users and to avoid behaviors that contribute to method failure.