Building robust, practicable counterfactuals and scenarios to evaluate the impact of species conservation interventions using inferential approaches

Building robust, practicable counterfactuals and scenarios to evaluate the impact of species conservation interventions using inferential approaches
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建立稳健、可行的反事实和情景,以使用推理方法评估物种保护干预措施的影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109259
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Grace M
Grace M
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grace M

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对生物多样性保护行动的影响进行强有力的评估,不仅对确保保护战略的有效性和最大限度地提高投资回报非常重要,而且对确定和庆祝成功的保护战略也很重要。这种评估可以是回顾性的(将当前情况与反事实情景进行比较),也可以是前瞻性的(将未来的情景与保护或不保护进行比较)。然而,使用实验或准实验设计的影响评估通常是困难的保护,所以严格的推理方法是必需的。影响的推理评估是世界自然保护联盟新的物种绿色状况的一个关键部分,它极大地放大了对标准化和实用的物种影响评估方法的需求。在这里,我们使用的绿色状态的物种方法作为基础,以审查如何推断方法可以用来评估保护的影响,在物种水平。我们确定了推理影响评估过程的三个关键组成部分估计的情况下的结果,选择基线方案,和参考框架,并解释,与例子,如何减少这些步骤的主观性。我们提出了一个循序渐进的指南,结合这些原则,可用于推断情景的结果,以评估过去和未来的保护影响,在广泛的情况下,而不仅仅是绿色状态的物种评估。我们建议,未来的非实验性保护干预措施,通过确定变量(S),将被用来衡量在设计阶段的影响,并通过使用概念模型,以帮助选择保护行动最有可能产生预期的影响,以促进评估的过程中的影响。
Robust evaluation of the impact of biodiversity conservation actions is important not only for ensuring that conservation strategies are effective and maximise return on investment, but also to identify and celebrate successful conservation strategies. This evaluation can be retrospective (comparing the current situation to a counterfactual scenario) or forward-looking (comparing future scenarios with or without conservation). However, assessment of impact using experimental or quasi-experimental designs is typically difficult in conservation, so rigorous inferential approaches are required. Inferential assessment of impact is a key part of the new IUCN Green Status of Species, which greatly amplifies the need for standardised and practical species impact evaluation methods. Here, we use the Green Status of Species method as a base to review how inferential methods can be used to evaluate conservation impact at the species level. We identify three key components of the inferential impact evaluation process—estimation of scenario outcomes, selection of baseline scenario, and frame of reference—and explain, with examples, how to reduce the subjectivity of these steps. We propose a step-by-step guide, incorporating these principles, that can be used to infer scenario outcomes in order to evaluate past and future conservation impact in a wide range of situations, not just Green Status of Species assessments. We recommend that future non-experimental conservation interventions facilitate the process of evaluating impact by identifying the variable(s) that will be used to measure impact at the design stage, and by using conceptual models to help choose conservation actions most likely to have the desired impact.
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