Assessment of inhalation exposure to indoor air pollutants: Screening for health risks of multiple pollutants in Japanese dwellings
Assessment of inhalation exposure to indoor air pollutants: Screening for health risks of multiple pollutants in Japanese dwellings
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.015
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Kunugita, Naoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Azuma, Kenichi;Uchiyama, Iwao;Kunugita, Naoki
在过去的几十年里，在住宅中发现了多种低水平的室内污染物。这些室内污染物的类型和浓度随着时间的推移并不一致，并且随着生活方式的改变、住房中使用的新颖产品的开发以及新测量技术的发展而变化。为了明确应降低健康风险的最高风险污染物，我们对2012年至2014年冬季和夏季期间在602所房屋中测量的49种室内空气污染物进行了健康风险评估。确定了吸入参考浓度，并根据测量的室内空气浓度估算了每种室内污染物的暴露范围。还评估了氨和酸性气体（包括甲酸、乙酸和氯化氢）造成的健康风险。总体而言，冬季和夏季风险最高的污染物是丙烯醛、二氧化氮、苯、甲酸和氯化氢。丙醛、乙醛和1,4-二氯苯的健康风险也很高。主成分分析 (PCA) 表明 1,4-二氯苯有一个独立的主成分。在日本，接触 1,4-二氯苯的主要来源是室内家用驱虫剂。改善个人生活方式和住房可能是降低与该化合物相关的风险的适当目标。需要提供有关消费者风险的进一步信息并促进消费者意识的转变。 PCA 建议，室内空气污染物的健康风险被合并到类似的化学家族中，例如醛、脂肪族碳氢化合物、芳香族碳氢化合物或乙酸酯。我们的结果表明，基于这些化学家族和类似健康终点的基于健康的指南或源头控制措施适合降低多种低水平室内污染物造成的总体健康风险。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Over the past few decades, multiple low level indoor pollutants have been found in domestic dwellings. The types and concentrations of these indoor pollutants have not been consistent over time and have changed with alterations in lifestyle, the development of novel products used in housing, and the development of new measurement technologies. To clarify the highest risk pollutants for which health risks should be reduced, we conducted a health risk assessment of 49 indoor air pollutants measured in 602 houses during winter and summer from 2012 to 2014. Inhalation reference concentrations were determined, and the margins of exposure were estimated for each indoor pollutant from measured indoor air concentrations. Health risks due to ammonia and acidic gases, including formic acid, acetic acid, and hydrogen chloride, were also assessed. Overall, during both winter and summer, the highest risk pollutants were acrolein, nitrogen dioxide, benzene, formic acid, and hydrogen chloride. The health risks of propanal, acetaldehyde, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene were also high. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested an independent principal component for 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The primary source of exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene in Japan is an indoor household insect repellent. The improvement of individual lifestyle and housing may be appropriate targets for reducing the risk associated with this compound. The provision of further information on the risk to consumers and promotion of changes in consumer consciousness are needed. PCA suggested that the health risks of indoor air pollutants are amalgamated into similar chemical families, such as aldehydes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or acetic esters. Our results suggest that health-based guidelines or source control measures, based on these chemical families and similar health endpoints, are appropriate for reducing total health risk due to multiple low level indoor pollutants. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.