Human exposure to metals.: Pathways of exposure, biomarkers of effect, and host factors
Human exposure to metals.: Pathways of exposure, biomarkers of effect, and host factors
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DOI：
10.1016/s0147-6513(03)00053-8
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Díaz-Barriga, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calderón, J;Ortiz-Pérez, D;Díaz-Barriga, F
有毒物质和疾病登记局 (ATSDR, 1992) 将暴露途径定义为个人暴露于源自特定来源的污染物的过程。暴露途径由以下五个要素组成：1．污染物释放到环境中的来源。 2. 环境介质（包括地下水、地表水、空气、土壤、沉积物、家庭灰尘、生物群）可将污染物从源头转移到人类可能接触的地点。 3. 暴露点（人类接触污染介质的场所，例如游乐场、水体、井水和食品服务）。 4. 暴露途径（污染物实际进入或接触人体的方式，如摄入、吸入、皮肤吸收）。 5. 受体群体（在暴露点暴露于所关注污染物的人）。
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 1992) has defined an exposure pathway as the process by which an individual is exposed to contaminants that originate from a specific source. An exposure pathway consists of the following five elements:1. Source of contaminant release into the environment. 2. Environmental media (including groundwater, surface water, air, soil, sediment, household dust, biota) serve to move contaminants from the source to points where human exposure can occur. 3. Point of exposure (a location where humans contact a contaminated medium, such as a playground, water body, well water, and food services). 4. Route of exposure (means by which the contaminant actually enters or contacts the body, such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption). 5. Receptor population (persons who are exposed to the contaminants of concern at a point of exposure).