The role of edge angle maintenance in explaining technological variation in the production of Late Middle Paleolithic bifacial and unifacial tools
The role of edge angle maintenance in explaining technological variation in the production of Late Middle Paleolithic bifacial and unifacial tools
复制标题
边缘角度保持在解释旧石器时代中晚期双面和单面工具生产技术变异中的作用
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2014.08.032
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Radu Iovita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Radu Iovita
欧洲旧石器时代晚期包含了大量的组合，这些组合的特点是出现了两面形的工具。这些工具的文化意义，特别是关于它们的地理和时间图案，已经争论了很长时间，单面和双面工具被视为根本不同的技术系统。本文建立在以前工作的基础上，这些工作表明单面和双面毛坯通常遵循相似的还原轨迹，并使用代表阿舍利传统(MTA)的Mousterian(MTA)、Quina Mousterian、KeilMessergruppen和克里米亚Micoquian技术复合体的大样本比较了这两个工具类中对边缘角度的管理。结果表明：a)单面减少会导致边角的明显增加；b)中东欧Micoquian中的平凸双面减少与Quina Mousterian中的类似技术具有相同的目的，即减少和保持一定范围内的边角；c)MTA双凸减少会导致边角缓慢增加。边角减小的过程可以用来解释不同零件的形态和工艺。鉴于所有这些还原技术在很长一段时间内都是尼安德特人技术体系的一部分，在历史的不同时期消失和再现，这意味着任何地理模式可能不是由于文化历史的发展，而是由于对当地环境的中长期适应。
The Late Middle Paleolithic of Europe contains a multitude of assemblages that can be characterized by the presence of bifacially-shaped tools. The cultural meaning of these tools, especially with respect to their geographic and chronological patterning has been debated for a long time, with unifacial and bifacial tools treated as fundamentally different technical systems. This paper builds upon previous work that showed that unifacial and bifacial blanks often follow similar reduction trajectories, and compares the management of edge angles in both of these tool classes using a large sample representing the Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition (MTA), the Quina Mousterian, the Keilmessergruppen, and the Crimean Micoquian technocomplexes. The results show that a) unifacial reduction results in the unequivocal increase in edge angles and b) that plano-convex bifacial reduction in the Central and Eastern European Micoquian, as well as similar techniques in the Quina Mousterian serve the same purpose of reducing and maintaining edge angles within certain limits; finally, c) MTA biconvex reduction results in a slow increase in edge angles. The process of edge angle reduction can be used to explain morphology and technology of the different pieces. Given that all these reduction techniques were part of the Neandertal technical repertoire for long periods of time, disappearing and reappearing at various points in history, the implication is that any geographical patterning may be due not to culture-historical developments, but rather to medium-to long-term adaptations to local environments.