Global perspectives on scientists’ roles in legislative policymaking

Global perspectives on scientists’ roles in legislative policymaking
复制标题

关于科学家在立法政策制定中的作用的全球视角

DOI:
10.1007/s11077-022-09457-3
复制
发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Tyler, Chris
Tyler, Chris
中科院分区:
管理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Akerlof, K. L.;Allegra, Alessandro;Nelson, Selena;Gonnella, Cameryn;Washbourne, Carla;Tyler, Chris

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

几十年来,科学家应该如何参与政策制定的问题引发了务实和哲学的辩论。关于专家如何看待科学家可能扮演的不同角色的实证研究很少,这使得解决这一争论的努力变得复杂。此外,这些文献集中在西方发达国家,在很大程度上忽视了世界各国政府建设科学咨询能力的努力。在对全球立法专家的调查中,我们调查了他们的偏好和理由,科学家如何有助于立法机构的政策过程,测试专业知识和国家发展对角色选择的影响。大多数(79.2%)的受访者,科学咨询研究人员,科学信息的提供者,政府内部的科学信息的用户说,科学家应该与政策制定者和其他人密切合作,将科学成果纳入决策。其次是报告和解释结果(53.0%)。受访者对科学家参与的主要原因是改善决策(40.5%)和科学交流,无论是通过(双向)对话(34.2%)还是(单向)解释(18.4%)。很少有人认为科学家应该倡导具体的政策(18.6%)。与发达国家的专家相比,发展中国家的受访者更能接受“宣传”角色,而不太支持只在学术期刊上发表文章的科学家。这些专家倾向于科学家在政策方面的高度综合性工作,这表明即使在高度政治化的背景下,也要对科学界和政策界之间的关系进行全球性的重新设想。这些转变需要政府和学术界的机构支持。
The question of how scientists should engage in policymaking has spurred both pragmatic and philosophical debates for decades. Scant empirical research addressing how experts perceive the different roles scientists might play complicates efforts to resolve the debate. Further, these literatures focus on Western developed nations, largely ignoring the efforts of governments worldwide to build science advisory capacity. In a survey of global legislative experts, we investigate their preferences and rationales for how scientists can be helpful to policy processes in legislatures, testing for effects of expertise and national development on role choice. The majority (79.2%) of respondents—science advice researchers, providers of scientific information to government, and users of scientific information within government—said that scientists should work closely with policymakers and others to integrate scientific results in policy decisions. The next most preferred role was that of reporting and interpreting results (53.0%). The primary reasons the respondents gave for scientists’ engagement were to improve decision-making (40.5%) and communication of science, whether through (two-way) dialogues (34.2%) or (one-way) explanations (18.4%). Few said that scientists should advocate for specific policies (18.6%). Respondents from developing nations were more accepting of ‘advocacy’ roles and less supportive of scientists that solely publish in academic journals than experts in developed countries. These experts’ preference for highly integrative work by scientists in policy suggests a global re-envisioning of the relationship between the science and policy communities even within highly political contexts. Institutional support from government and academia will be required to support these shifts.
DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2019.102441
发表时间: 2019-09-01
期刊: FUTURES
影响因子: 3
作者:
Guimaraes, Maria Helena;Pohl, Christian;Varanda, Marta
通讯作者: Varanda, Marta
决策中的科学:中立的专家还是战略决策者?
DOI: --
发表时间: 2014
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
K. Ingold;Muriel Luzia Gschwend
通讯作者: Muriel Luzia Gschwend
科学家作为复杂问题政策顾问的作用:文献综述
DOI: --
发表时间: 2014
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
P. Spruijt;A. Knol;E. Vasileiadou;J. Devilee;E. Lebret;A. Petersen
通讯作者: A. Petersen
实践和理论中的技术评估
DOI: --
发表时间: 2018
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
A. Grunwald
通讯作者: A. Grunwald
DOI: --
发表时间: 2017
影响因子: 4
作者:
C. Kenny;C. Washbourne;Chris Tyler;J. Blackstock
通讯作者: J. Blackstock