Eukaryotic algal community composition in tropical environments from solar salterns to the open sea-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3389/fmars.2023.1131351

发表时间：

2023-06

期刊：

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其他

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作者：

C. Eckmann;Jessica S. Eberle;Fabian Wittmers;Susanne Wilken;Kristin Bergauer;Camille Poirier;Marguerite Blum;Kriste Makareviciute-Fichtner;V. Jimenez;Charles Bachy;M. Vermeij;A. Worden

具有独特的非生物和生物因素的热带环境（例如作为盐池、红树林和珊瑚礁）通常非常接近。这些环境的异质性反映在短距离内的社区转移，导致高度的生物多样性。虽然浮游植物组合与珊瑚，特别是它们的共生体，物理上有很好的研究，但对整个热带水生环境的浮游植物多样性知之甚少。我们评估浮游植物群落组成的变化沿着近海到近海梯度的测序和分析16 S rRNA基因扩增使用引物靶向V1-V2区，捕获质体从真核浮游植物和蓝藻，以及异养细菌。微生物α多样性计算从16 S V1-V2扩增子序列变异（ASV）的数据收集在库拉索岛和周围的282个样本，在南加勒比海，变化更大的动态盐池，盐沼，红树林，相比，看似稳定的珊瑚礁，礁外，和公海环境。在真核浮游植物中，层状藻通常在红树林、礁上、礁外和公海环境中表现出最高的相对丰度，而蓝藻也表现出较高的相对丰度。内stratifiles，硅藻扩增占主导地位的盐池和红树林，而dictyochophytes和pelagophytes以上的珊瑚礁和近海占主导地位。绿色藻类和隐藻也存在，前者表现出从内陆到近海的梯度过渡。绿藻和prasinophyte第四类占主导地位的盐池，而prasinophyte第二类，包括微单胞菌commoda和OII Ostreococcus分支，有最高的相对丰度的绿色藻类在红树林，以上的礁，礁外，和公海。为了提高II类prasinophyte分类，我们测序的18 S rRNA基因扩增子从V4区的41个样品，用于相互关联的质体为基础的结果与信息未培养prasinophyte物种从以前的18 S rRNA基因为基础的研究。这突出了新描述的Ostreococcus bengalensis和两个Microconas候选物种的存在。网络分析确定了个体浮游植物群体（包括蓝藻）和异养细菌之间的共生模式。我们的研究揭示了热带海洋栖息地中绿色藻类和网枝藻的多种未培养和新的谱系。总的来说，藻类多样性模式和潜在的共存关系，观察到的物理化学和空间的影响，有助于提供一个基线，对未来的变化进行评估。

Tropical environments with unique abiotic and biotic factors—such as salt ponds, mangroves, and coral reefs—are often in close proximity. The heterogeneity of these environments is reflected in community shifts over short distances, resulting in high biodiversity. While phytoplankton assemblages physically associated with corals, particularly their symbionts, are well studied, less is known about phytoplankton diversity across tropical aquatic environments. We assess shifts in phytoplankton community composition along inshore to offshore gradients by sequencing and analyzing 16S rRNA gene amplicons using primers targeting the V1-V2 region that capture plastids from eukaryotic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, as well as heterotrophic bacteria. Microbial alpha diversity computed from 16S V1-V2 amplicon sequence variant (ASV) data from 282 samples collected in and around Curaçao, in the Southern Caribbean Sea, varied more within the dynamic salt ponds, salterns, and mangroves, compared to the seemingly stable above-reef, off-reef, and open sea environments. Among eukaryotic phytoplankton, stramenopiles often exhibited the highest relative abundances in mangrove, above-reef, off-reef, and open sea environments, where cyanobacteria also showed high relative abundances. Within stramenopiles, diatom amplicons dominated in salt ponds and mangroves, while dictyochophytes and pelagophytes prevailed above reefs and offshore. Green algae and cryptophytes were also present, and the former exhibited transitions following the gradient from inland to offshore. Chlorophytes and prasinophyte Class IV dominated in salt ponds, while prasinophyte Class II, including Micromonas commoda and Ostreococcus Clade OII, had the highest relative abundances of green algae in mangroves, above-reef, off-reef, and the open sea. To improve Class II prasinophyte classification, we sequenced 18S rRNA gene amplicons from the V4 region in 41 samples which were used to interrelate plastid-based results with information on uncultured prasinophyte species from prior 18S rRNA gene-based studies. This highlighted the presence of newly described Ostreococcus bengalensis and two Micromonas candidate species. Network analyses identified co-occurrence patterns between individual phytoplankton groups, including cyanobacteria, and heterotrophic bacteria. Our study reveals multiple uncultured and novel lineages within green algae and dictyochophytes in tropical marine habitats. Collectively, the algal diversity patterns and potential co-occurrence relationships observed in connection to physicochemical and spatial influences help provide a baseline against which future change can be assessed.

Eukaryotic algal community composition in tropical environments from solar salterns to the open sea

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