Four thousand years of plant exploitation in the Chad Basin of northeast Nigeria I: The archaeobotany of Kursakata
Four thousand years of plant exploitation in the Chad Basin of northeast Nigeria I: The archaeobotany of Kursakata
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01294637
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Neumann, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klee, M;Zach, B;Neumann, K
本文讨论了来自尼日利亚Kursakata定居点土墩的考古植物学遗迹，包括烧焦和未烧焦的种子和果实以及木炭。此外，还分析了陶片中植物调质材料的痕迹。Kursakata的晚期石器时代和铁器时代序列的年代为公元前1000年至公元100年。驯化狼尾草、野生黍科和野生稻是最常见的类群。经常发现树木果实的果核，包括大量的荆条-一种今天在该地区没有的树木。在晚石器时代和铁器时代之间，可以观察到植物光谱的明显变化。虽然在库尔萨卡塔定居序列开始时就已经知道驯化的珍珠粟，但它只是在铁器时代才获得更大的经济重要性。除了农业、畜牧业和渔业外，采集野生植物在库尔萨卡塔居民的生存策略中一直发挥着重要作用。木炭的结果表明，木柴主要是从粘土平原上的林地收集的，这肯定比今天更多样化。乍得盆地晚石器时代的结束可能伴随着从约2000年开始的更干燥的环境条件的开始。公元前800口径
This paper discusses archaeobotanical remains from the settlement mound of Kursakata, Nigeria, comprising both charred and uncharred seeds and fruits as well as charcoal. In addition, impressions of plant tempering material in potsherds were analysed. The late Stone Age and Iron Age sequence at Kursakata is dated from 1000 cal. B.C. to cal. A.D. 100. Domesticated Pennisetum (pearl miller), wild Paniceae and wild rice are the most common taxa. Kernels from tree fruits were regularly found including large numbers of Vitex simplicifolia - a tree which is absent from the area today. A distinct change in plant spectra can be observed between the late Stone Age and the Iron Age. Although domesticated pearl millet was already known at the beginning of the settlement sequence of Kursakata, it only gained greater economic importance during the Iron Age. Besides farming, pastoralism and fishing, gathering of wild plants always played a major role in the subsistence strategy of the inhabitants of Kursakata. The charcoal results show that firewood was mainly collected from woodlands on the clay plains, which must have been mole diverse than today. The end of the late Stone Age in the Chad Basin was presumably accompanied by the onset of drier environmental conditions from ca. 800 cal. B.C. onwards.