Aging, spatial cues, and single- versus dual-task performance in competing speech perception
Aging, spatial cues, and single- versus dual-task performance in competing speech perception
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DOI：
10.1121/1.3502462
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Freyman, Richard L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helfer, Karen S.;Chevalier, Jamie;Freyman, Richard L.
老年人经常报告难以应对多个对话的情况，其中他们有时需要“调整”背景语音，而在其他时候则试图监视竞争信息。本研究的目的是模拟这种类型的相互作用，检查的成本，要求听众执行的第二个任务，结合理解目标说话者在存在竞争的讲话。年轻人和老年人理解目标话语的能力进行了测量，并不要求听众也确定有多少掩蔽的声音呈现时间逆转。同样令人感兴趣的是空间分离如何影响执行这两项任务的能力。与年轻的听众相比，老年人表现出轻微的整体语音识别能力下降，并且从掩蔽中获得的空间释放较少。对于年轻和年长的听众来说，空间分离增加了与同时执行两项任务相关的成本。面具的意义有一个更大的不利影响，对老年参与者的言语理解比年轻的参与者。然而，研究结果表明，老年人在复杂的听力情况下所经历的问题不一定是由于在谈话者之间切换和/或分配注意力的能力不足。(C)2010年美国声学学会。[DOI：10.1121/1.3502462]
Older individuals often report difficulty coping in situations with multiple conversations in which they at times need to "tune out" the background speech and at other times seek to monitor competing messages. The present study was designed to simulate this type of interaction by examining the cost of requiring listeners to perform a secondary task in conjunction with understanding a target talker in the presence of competing speech. The ability of younger and older adults to understand a target utterance was measured with and without requiring the listener to also determine how many masking voices were presented time-reversed. Also of interest was how spatial separation affected the ability to perform these two tasks. Older adults demonstrated slightly reduced overall speech recognition and obtained less spatial release from masking, as compared to younger listeners. For both younger and older listeners, spatial separation increased the costs associated with performing both tasks together. The meaningfulness of the masker had a greater detrimental effect on speech understanding for older participants than for younger participants. However, the results suggest that the problems experienced by older adults in complex listening situations are not necessarily due to a deficit in the ability to switch and/or divide attention among talkers. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3502462]