Speech-Specific Tuning of Neurons in Human Superior Temporal Gyrus
Speech-Specific Tuning of Neurons in Human Superior Temporal Gyrus
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bht127
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cash, Sydney S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan, Alexander M.;Dykstra, Andrew R.;Cash, Sydney S.
大脑如何从听觉信号中提取单词是一个没有答案的问题。我们记录了大约150个单和多个单位从左前上级颞回的病人在多个听觉实验。在低背景活动的情况下，45%的单位对特定的口语词进行了强烈的激发，对纯音、噪声语音编码的语音或环境声音几乎没有反应。许多单位被调谐到复杂但特定的音素集，这些音素集受当地语境的影响，但对说话者不变，并在自我产生的讲话中被抑制。特定视觉字母的几个单位的发射与它们对相应听觉音素的反应相关，为阅读过程中的语音编码提供了第一个直接的神经证据。最大解码的个别音素和单词的身份，达到使用发射率从大约5个神经元在200毫秒内字发病后。因此，人类上级颞回的神经元使用复杂的声学语音特征的稀疏空间组织的群体编码来帮助识别听觉和视觉单词。
How the brain extracts words from auditory signals is an unanswered question. We recorded approximately 150 single and multi-units from the left anterior superior temporal gyrus of a patient during multiple auditory experiments. Against low background activity, 45% of units robustly fired to particular spoken words with little or no response to pure tones, noise-vocoded speech, or environmental sounds. Many units were tuned to complex but specific sets of phonemes, which were influenced by local context but invariant to speaker, and suppressed during self-produced speech. The firing of several units to specific visual letters was correlated with their response to the corresponding auditory phonemes, providing the first direct neural evidence for phonological recoding during reading. Maximal decoding of individual phonemes and words identities was attained using firing rates from approximately 5 neurons within 200 ms after word onset. Thus, neurons in human superior temporal gyrus use sparse spatially organized population encoding of complex acoustic-phonetic features to help recognize auditory and visual words.