Nucleotides and Nucleosides: Transport, Metabolism, and Signaling Function of Extracellular ATP
Nucleotides and Nucleosides: Transport, Metabolism, and Signaling Function of Extracellular ATP
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-38797-5_4
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Möhlmann;I. Steinebrunner;E. Neuhaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Möhlmann;I. Steinebrunner;E. Neuhaus
本文主要综述了核苷酸和核苷在细胞内外的转运，包括在液泡中的转运，以及细胞外ATP（eATP）的功能和代谢。从而描述了核苷酸及其衍生物如何离开细胞以及如何刺激其出口的机制。此外，还列出了eATP产生的影响，包括相应的下游信号传导事件。信号分子eATP通过几种降解酶如E-NTPDases、磷酸酶、5′核苷酸酶和核苷水解酶的水解活性从细胞外空间除去。这些酶的最终反应产物，核苷和核碱基，然后再输入到细胞中，以提供相应的胞质池。平衡型核苷转运蛋白（ENTs）家族负责核苷再导入细胞，本文对此作了更详细的介绍。最后，居住在质膜或液泡膜的植物ENT家族成员与人类和酵母同系物在生化和生理水平进行比较。
The focus of this work is to summarize the current knowledge related to transport of nucleotides and nucleosides in and outside of cells, including the vacuole, and functions and metabolism of extracellular ATP (eATP). Thereby mechanisms on how nucleotides and their derivatives can leave cells and how their export is stimulated are described. Furthermore, effects exerted by eATP are listed including the corresponding downstream signaling events. The signal molecule eATP is removed from the extracellular space by the hydrolytic activity of several degrading enzymes like E-NTPDases, phosphatases, 5′ nucleotidases, and nucleoside hydrolases. The final reaction products of these enzymes, nucleosides and nucleobases, are then reimported into the cells to supply the corresponding cytosolic pools. The family of equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs), responsible for nucleoside reimport into the cells, is presented in more detail. Finally, plant ENT family members residing at the plasma membrane or the tonoplast are compared with human and yeast homologs at the biochemical and physiological level.