Sustained Drought, but Not Short-Term Warming, Alters the Gut Microbiomes of Wild Anolis Lizards
Sustained Drought, but Not Short-Term Warming, Alters the Gut Microbiomes of Wild Anolis Lizards
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.00530-22
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Claire E. Williams;Jordan G. Kueneman;D. Nicholson;Adam A. Rosso;Edita Folfas;Brianna Casement;Maria A Gallegos-Koyner;Lauren K. Neel;J. D. Curlis;W. McMillan;C. L. Cox;Michael L. Logan
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文献类型：
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作者：
Claire E. Williams;Jordan G. Kueneman;D. Nicholson;Adam A. Rosso;Edita Folfas;Brianna Casement;Maria A Gallegos-Koyner;Lauren K. Neel;J. D. Curlis;W. McMillan;C. L. Cox;Michael L. Logan
随着气候变化的进展，了解动物如何应对当地环境的变化至关重要。这种反应的一个组成部分涉及生活在宿主生物体内部和表面的微生物群落的变化。摘要 随着气温上升威胁着全球的生物多样性，热带变温动物因其耐热范围狭窄而被认为特别脆弱。然而，强调热带生物脆弱性的基于生理学的模型很少考虑其肠道微生物群的贡献，尽管微生物组影响许多宿主特征，包括耐热性。我们结合现场和实验室实验来了解细长变色蜥蜴（Anolis apletophallus）肠道微生物群对不同幅度和持续时间的气候变化的反应。首先，为了研究野外长期气候变暖的影响，我们将蜥蜴从巴拿马大陆移植到巴拿马运河的一系列温暖岛屿上，并在三代分化后比较它们的肠道微生物组组成。接下来，我们通过温室实验模拟了短期“热浪”的影响，并探索了肠道微生物组组成与蜥蜴热生理学之间的联系。最后，我们检查了自然发生干旱前后几年大陆人群肠道微生物组的变化。我们的研究结果表明，细长的变色蜥蜴微生物组对短期变暖具有惊人的适应能力。然而，肠道微生物组的分类和预测功能组成因所有地点的采样年份而异，表明干旱可能产生区域影响。我们提供的证据表明，短期热浪可能不会对肠道微生物群产生实质性影响，而更持续的气候异常可能会在广泛的地理范围内产生影响。重要性 随着气候变化的进展，了解动物如何应对当地环境的变化至关重要。这种反应的一个组成部分涉及生活在宿主生物体内部和表面的微生物群落的变化。这些“微生物组”可以影响许多有助于宿主健康和生存的过程，但很少有研究测量经历新气候条件的野生生物体微生物组的变化。我们通过现场和实验室研究相结合，包括移植到巴拿马运河温暖的岛屿上，研究了气候变化对细长变色蜥蜴（Anolis apletophallus）肠道微生物群的影响。我们发现细长变色蜥微生物组在应对短期变暖时保持稳定，但可能对持续的气候异常（例如干旱）敏感。我们讨论了这些发现对于被认为极易受到气候变化影响的物种的重要性。
As climate change progresses, it is crucial to understand how animals will respond to shifts in their local environments. One component of this response involves changes in the microbial communities living in and on host organisms. ABSTRACT As rising temperatures threaten biodiversity across the globe, tropical ectotherms are thought to be particularly vulnerable due to their narrow thermal tolerance ranges. Nevertheless, physiology-based models highlighting the vulnerability of tropical organisms rarely consider the contributions of their gut microbiota, even though microbiomes influence numerous host traits, including thermal tolerance. We combined field and lab experiments to understand the response of the slender anole lizard (Anolis apletophallus) gut microbiome to climatic shifts of various magnitude and duration. First, to examine the effects of long-term climate warming in the wild, we transplanted lizards from the mainland Panama to a series of warmer islands in the Panama Canal and compared their gut microbiome compositions after three generations of divergence. Next, we mimicked the effects of a short-term “heat-wave” by using a greenhouse experiment and explored the link between gut microbiome composition and lizard thermal physiology. Finally, we examined variation in gut microbiomes in our mainland population in the years both before and after a naturally occurring drought. Our results suggest that slender anole microbiomes are surprisingly resilient to short-term warming. However, both the taxonomic and predicted functional compositions of the gut microbiome varied by sampling year across all sites, suggesting that the drought may have had a regional effect. We provide evidence that short-term heat waves may not substantially affect the gut microbiota, while more sustained climate anomalies may have effects at broad geographic scales. IMPORTANCE As climate change progresses, it is crucial to understand how animals will respond to shifts in their local environments. One component of this response involves changes in the microbial communities living in and on host organisms. These “microbiomes” can affect many processes that contribute to host health and survival, yet few studies have measured changes in the microbiomes of wild organisms experiencing novel climatic conditions. We examined the effects of shifting climates on the gut microbiome of the slender anole lizard (Anolis apletophallus) by using a combination of field and laboratory studies, including transplants to warm islands in the Panama Canal. We found that slender anole microbiomes remain stable in response to short-term warming but may be sensitive to sustained climate anomalies, such as droughts. We discuss the significance of these findings for a species that is considered highly vulnerable to climate change.