Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation: Transplantation of Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells as a therapeutic strategy in spinal cord injury
Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation: Transplantation of Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells as a therapeutic strategy in spinal cord injury
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神经修复与康复教科书：雪旺细胞和嗅鞘细胞移植作为脊髓损伤的治疗策略
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511995583.036
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Bunge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Kocsis;M. Bunge
本章的目的是提供一个概述雪旺细胞（SC）和嗅鞘细胞（OEC）移植修复脊髓损伤的疗效。这两种细胞类型已被证明是有效的脊髓损伤（SCI）和脱髓鞘模型;这两种细胞类型提供的优点和缺点。干细胞可来源于自体腓肠神经并置于培养物中以产生大量用于移植的干细胞。OECs通常占据哺乳动物中枢神经系统（CNS）的一个区域，该区域在整个成年生活中经历从外周神经系统（PNS）到CNS的连续神经纤维生长，并且这种性质刺激了使用这些细胞来促进脊髓中轴突再生的研究。SC和OECs在体内均有效地使再生纤维髓鞘化或使脱髓鞘轴突再髓鞘化。然而，与OEC不同，SC不容易入侵星形胶质细胞区域，而OEC在某些情况下会入侵。嗅鞘细胞较难获得，并且组织培养方案尚未提供如可以用SC获得的大量嗅鞘细胞。然而，它们已被证明是修复性的，包括在某些病变范例中改善功能结果，并且正在进行的从鼻粘膜活检收获OEC的工作是重要的。外周髓鞘形成细胞（SC和OECs）可以产生许多营养因子，这些营养因子可能有助于神经保护和潜在的新血管形成。本章将讨论SC和OEC移植在SCI中有益作用的潜在机制。
The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the efficacy of Schwann cell (SC) and olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord. Both cell types have been shown to be effective in spinal cord injury (SCI) and demyelination models; both cell types offer advantages and disadvantages. SCs can be derived from autologous sural nerve and placed into culture to generate large numbers for transplantation. OECs normally occupy an area of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that undergoes continuous nerve fiber growth from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the CNS throughout adult life, and this property has stimulated research to use these cells to foster axonal regeneration in the spinal cord. Both SCs and OECs effectively myelinate regenerated fibers or remyelinate demyelinated axons in vivo. However, SCs do not invade astrocytic regions readily, in contrast to OECs, which do under some circumstances. OECs are less accessible and tissue culture protocols have not, as yet, provided large numbers of OECs as can be obtained with SCs. However, they have been demonstrated to be reparative, including improving functional outcome, in certain lesion paradigms, and ongoing work to harvest OECs from nasal mucosa biopsy is important. Peripheral myelin-forming cells (SCs and OECs) can produce a number of trophic factors that could contribute to neuroprotection and, potentially, neovascularization. The potential mechanisms of the beneficial effect of SC and OEC transplantation in SCI will be addressed in this chapter.