Marine and terrestrial factors affecting Adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chick growth and recruitment off the western Antarctic Peninsula
Marine and terrestrial factors affecting Adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chick growth and recruitment off the western Antarctic Peninsula
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DOI：
10.3354/meps09242
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fraser, William R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, Erik W.;Hofmann, Eileen E.;Fraser, William R.
一个基于个人的生物能量学模型，模拟阿德利企鹅Pygoscelis adeliae小鸡从孵化到羽翼丰满的增长被用来评估海洋和陆地因素，影响小鸡的生长和羽翼丰满的质量关闭南极西部半岛。模拟考虑了以下因素对阿德利企鹅雏鸟质量的影响：（1）通过在全南极磷虾饲料中添加南极银鱼（Pleuragramma anacuticum）来改变雏鸡饲料，（2）由于环境压力（如猎物可用性减少）可能导致供应率降低，和（3）由于鸡群中增加的降水或雪融化而导致的润湿而增加的体温调节成本。此外，17%的南极银鱼类3年（AC3）的企鹅小鸡饮食组成的南极磷虾增加了小鸡雏鸟质量的5%。环境压力导致供应率降低> 4%或仅润湿小鸡表面积的10%，这足以降低小鸡成功招募的可能性。减少供应和润湿对雏鸡生长的负面影响可以通过在雏鸡饮食中加入AC3及以上的南极银鱼来补偿。结果提供了深入了解气候驱动的过程，影响小鸡的生长，并强调需要进行实地研究，旨在调查因素，确定AC3和老年南极银鱼觅食阿德利企鹅的可用性和降雪对小鸡润湿，体温调节和成年供应率的影响。
An individual-based bioenergetics model that simulates the growth of an Adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chick from hatching to fledging was used to assess marine and terrestrial factors that affect chick growth and fledging mass off the western Antarctic Peninsula. Simulations considered the effects on Adelie penguin fledging mass of (1) modification of chick diet through the addition of Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum to an all-Antarctic krill Euphausia superba diet, (2) reduction of provisioning rate which may occur as a result of an environmental stress such as reduced prey availability, and (3) increased thermoregulatory costs due to wetting of chicks which may result from increased precipitation or snow-melt in colonies. Addition of 17% Antarctic silverfish of Age-Class 3 yr (AC3) to a penguin chick diet composed of Antarctic krill increased chick fledging mass by 5%. Environmental stress that results in > 4% reduction in provisioning rate or wetting of just 10% of the chick's surface area decreased fledging mass enough to reduce the chick's probability of successful recruitment. The negative effects of reduced provisioning and wetting on chick growth can be compensated for by inclusion of Antarctic silverfish of AC3 and older in the chick diet. Results provide insight into climate-driven processes that influence chick growth and highlight a need for field research designed to investigate factors that determine the availability of AC3 and older Antarctic silverfish to foraging Adelie penguins and the influence of snowfall on chick wetting, thermoregulation and adult provisioning rate.