Neural Organization of the Circadian System of the Cockroach Leucophaea maderae
Neural Organization of the Circadian System of the Cockroach Leucophaea maderae
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蟑螂 Leucophaea maderae 昼夜节律系统的神经组织
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
M. Stengl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
U. Homberg;Thomas Reischig;M. Stengl
蟑螂Leucophaea maderae是第一个通过损伤实验将内源性生物钟定位到特定大脑区域--视叶--的动物。然而，昼夜节律系统的神经组织，包括夹带通路、双侧分布的内部时钟的耦合元件以及控制昼夜运动节律的输出通路，直到最近才开始被阐明。与苍蝇和其他昆虫物种一样，蟑螂副髓质中的色素分散激素(PDH)免疫反应神经元是昼夜节律系统的重要组成部分。损伤和移植实验表明，大脑的内源性生物钟驻留在与副髓相关的神经元中。副髓质被组织成接受光输入的结节核心，以及参与传出和耦合输入的结节间和周围神经纤维。通过复眼感光器对时钟的光携带似乎是通过通过髓质的平行、间接途径发生的。在副延髓附近注射γ-氨基丁酸或Mas-Alatotroin后，昼夜运动活动的光相移表明这两种物质都参与了光夹带。眼外，基于隐色素的光感受器似乎存在于视叶中，但它们在光夹带中的作用尚未被研究。色素分散激素免疫反应神经元将副髓质的传出输出提供给几个大脑区域和周围视觉系统。此外，色素分散激素免疫反应神经元和额外的异侧神经元参与了两个起搏器的双侧耦合。神经元的组织以及GABA和神经肽的显著参与，显示出与哺乳动物大脑的生物钟-视交叉上核的组织惊人的相似之处。
The cockroach Leucophaea maderae was the first animal in which lesion experiments localized an endogenous circadian clock to a particular brain area, the optic lobe. The neural organization of the circadian system, however, including entrainment pathways, coupling elements of the bilaterally distributed internal clock, and output pathways controlling circadian locomotor rhythms are only recently beginning to be elucidated. As in flies and other insect species, pigment‐dispersing hormone (PDH)‐immunoreac‐ tive neurons of the accessory medulla of the cockroach are crucial elements of the circadian system. Lesions and transplantation experiments showed that the endogeneous circadian clock of the brain resides in neurons associated with the accessory medulla. The accessory medulla is organized into a nodular core receiving photic input, and into internodular and peripheral neuropil involved in efferent output and coupling input. Photic entrainment of the clock through compound eye photoreceptors appears to occur via parallel, indirect pathways through the medulla. Light‐like phase shifts in circadian locomotor activity after injections of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ or Mas‐allatotropin into the vicinity of the accessory medulla suggest that both substances are involved in photic entrainment. Extraocular, cryptochrome‐based photoreceptors appear to be present in the optic lobe, but their role in photic entrainment has not been examined. Pigment‐dispersing hormone‐immunoreactive neurons provide efferent output from the accessory medulla to several brain areas and to the peripheral visual system. Pigment‐dispersing hormone‐immunoreactive neurons, and additional heterolateral neurons are, furthermore, involved in bilateral coupling of the two pacemakers. The neuronal organization, as well as the prominent involvement of GABA and neuropeptides, shows striking similarities to the organization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the circadian clock of the mammalian brain.
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
S. Renn;Jae H. Park;M. Rosbash;Jeffrey C. Hall;P. Taghert
通讯作者：
S. Renn;Jae H. Park;M. Rosbash;Jeffrey C. Hall;P. Taghert