Dangerous and Endangered Youth: Social Structures and Determinants of Violence
Dangerous and Endangered Youth: Social Structures and Determinants of Violence
复制标题
危险和濒危的青少年：社会结构和暴力的决定因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
N. Scheper‐Hughes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Scheper‐Hughes
翻译后摘要：结构性暴力是暴力是允许的，甚至鼓励。它指的是无形的社会不平等机制，这种机制通过伴随种族、阶级、性别和其他令人反感的区别的意识形态、污名和危险话语（如“青年暴力”本身），再现了排斥和边缘化的社会关系。结构性暴力使贫穷、疾病、饥饿和过早死亡“自然化”，抹去了它们的社会和政治根源，使它们被视为理所当然，除了穷人自己之外，没有人被追究责任。结构性暴力也指人类能够轻易地将社会弱势群体（即使是来自他们自己的阶级和社区的人）减少为可消耗的非人，从而允许许可甚至责任杀死他们。我通过两个民族志的关键案例研究来解释这一点：巴西东北部一个恶毒的敢死队的行动，动员了普通人的支持，对非洲裔巴西街头儿童和年轻的“边缘人”进行了几乎种族灭绝的攻击;与“危险和濒危”的年轻人的不安休战和不完全融合仍然生活在南非城市的棚户区和棚户区。
Abstract: Structural violence is violence that is permissible, even encouraged. It refers to the invisible social machinery of inequality that reproduces social relations of exclusion and marginalization via ideologies, stigmas, and dangerous discourses (such as “youth violence” itself) attendant to race, class, sex, and other invidious distinctions. Structural violence “naturalizes” poverty, sickness, hunger, and premature death, erasing their social and political origins so that they are taken for granted and no one is held accountable except the poor themselves. Structural violence also refers to the ease with which humans are capable of reducing the socially vulnerable (even those from their own class and community) into expendable non‐persons, thus allowing the licence—even the duty—to kill them. I exemplify this through two ethnographic critical case studies: the operation of a virulent death squad in Northeast Brazil that mobilized the support of ordinary people in an almost genocidal attack against Afro‐Brazilian street kids and young “marginals”; and the uneasy truce with, and incomplete integration of “dangerous and endangered” youth still living in squatter camps and shack communities of urban South Africa.